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MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY > DEFINITION OF TERMS > Flashcards

DEFINITION OF TERMS Flashcards

1
Q

: fungal infection

A

MYCOSIS

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2
Q

: multicellular fungi

A

MOULDS

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3
Q

: single-cell fungi

A

YEASTS

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4
Q

2 FORMS:

A
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5
Q

➢Requires the formation of specialized structure called spores

A

SEXUAL REPRODUCTIVE/PERFECT FUNGI/TELEOMORPH

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6
Q

: contained in a sac-like structure

A

Ascospores

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7
Q

: contained in a club-shaped structure

A

Basidiospores

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8
Q

: resulting from the fusion of cells from 2 different hyphae

A

Oospores

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9
Q

: resulting from the fusion of 2 identical hyphae

A

Zygospores

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10
Q

All sexual fungal life cycle consists of:

A

❖Plasmogamy: cell fusion
❖Karyogamy: nuclear fusion
❖Meiosis

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11
Q

cell fusion

A

Plasmogamy

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12
Q

nuclear fusion

A

Karyogamy

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13
Q

Involves division of the nucleus and cytoplasm

A

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTIVE/IMPERFECT FUNGI/ANAMORPH

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14
Q

Medically important

A

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTIVE/IMPERFECT FUNGI/ANAMORPH

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15
Q

The only fungal group to produce conidia

A

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTIVE/IMPERFECT FUNGI/ANAMORPH

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16
Q

: causes black mold; common food contaminant

A

Aspergillus niger

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17
Q

.: causes athletes foot

A

Trichophyton spp

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18
Q

: source of penicillin

A

Penicillum notatum

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19
Q

: source of cyclosporin

A

Tolypocladium inflatum

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20
Q

: used for improving the taste and texture of cheese

A

Other species of Penicillium

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21
Q

: long, branching filamentous that come together to form mycelium

A

HYPHAE

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22
Q

2-10 um in width

A

HYPHAE

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23
Q

HYPHAE 2 Types:

A

HYPHAE

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24
Q

3-6 um; have cellular separation or cross-walls

A

Septate Hyphae:

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25
Q

5-15 um; few or no cellular separations

A

Aseptate Hyphae (Sparsely Septate)

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26
Q

: lacks cross-walls

A

Coenocytic

27
Q

: chain of cells formed by budding that resemble true hyphae

A

Pseudohyphae

28
Q

Pseudohyphae 2 Classifications:

A
29
Q

: function in food absorption for nutrients and penetrates the media that extends below the agar surface

A

Vegetative Hyphae

30
Q

: directed above the surface of media and function as the reproductive structure

A

Aerial Hyphae

31
Q

: masses of hyphae; comprise of the colony of fungus

A

MYCELIUM

32
Q

MYCELIUM 3 Types:

A

Vegetative Mycelium
Aerial Hyphae
Fertile/Reproductive Mycelia

33
Q

: colony mass of the fungus

A

THALLUS

34
Q

: cause fungal disease to plants

A

PHYTOPATHOGENS

35
Q

: places where the fungus is found in nature

A

RESERVOIR

36
Q

specialized structure that enhances survival value such as resistance to adverse conditions that promote dispersion

A

spores

37
Q

also result from sexual or asexual reproduction

A

spores

38
Q

spore-like structure; cleavage, conjugation

A

conidia

39
Q

2 forms of conidia:

A
  1. Macroconidia
  2. Microconidia
40
Q

– large, multi-cellular conidida

A
  1. Macroconidia
41
Q

– small, single- cellular conidida

A
  1. Microconidia
42
Q

Types of conidia:

A
43
Q

– resulting from the fragmentation of hyphae into individual cells; some are separated by normal cells

A
  1. Arthroconidia
44
Q

– resulting from budding from mother yeast cells

A
  1. Blastoconidia
45
Q

– can survive adverse environmental conditions amd are found in molds from terminal cells in the hyphae that have enlarged and have “fade walls”

A
  1. Chlamidoconidia
46
Q

– formed by being pushed through a small pore in the parent cell

A
  1. Poroconidia
47
Q

– tube-shaped conidia that can be branched

A
  1. Phyloconidia
48
Q

– vase-shaped; (*) if parent outer cell wall

A
  1. Anelloconidia
49
Q

: causes black mold; common food contaminant

A
  • Aspergillus niger
50
Q

: causes athletes foot

A
  • Trichophyton spp.
51
Q

: source of penicillin

A
  • Penicillum notatum
52
Q

: source of cyclosporin

A
  • Tolypocladium inflatum
53
Q

: used for improving the taste and texture of cheese

A
  • Other species of Penicillium
54
Q

constricted at the septa, form branches that begin with septation, have smaller terminal cells

A

Pseudohyphae

55
Q

reproductive structure arises

A

Fertile/Reproductive Mycelia

56
Q

soil, water, vegetation, etc.; habitat

A

RESERVOIR

57
Q

Growth @ 25-30oC

A

YEASTS

58
Q

Growth @ 35-37oC

A

MOLDS

59
Q

nucleus divides and
migrates to the bud

A

Budding

60
Q

nucleus divides and two daughter cells are produced

A

Fission

61
Q

Branching and elongation of apical ends (Ex.[?])

A

Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatidis, Coccidoides immitis, Paracoccidoides brasilliensis, Sporothrix shcenckii, Penicillium mameffei

62
Q

: both yeast and mold in the same culture

A

Polymorphic fungi

63
Q

Polymorphic fungi (Ex. [?]: yeast phase follows mold phase as the colony ages)

A

Exophiala spp.

64
Q

causes paralysis when ingested

A

Dinoflagellates

MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY (24 decks)

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