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HISTOPATHOLOGY (TopnotcherQT) > SPECIAL STAINS FOR TISSUE PROCESSING > Flashcards

SPECIAL STAINS FOR TISSUE PROCESSING Flashcards

1
Q

BEST STAIN FOR CARBOHYDRATES particularly glycogen; Most common method used for demonstration of BASEMENT MEMBRANE (glomerular basement membrane)

A

PERIODIC ACID SCHIFF (PAS)

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2
Q

Usually combined with aluminum chloride to stain GLYCOGEN (+BRIGHT RED)

A

BEST CARMINE

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3
Q

A bond that play a critical role in the staining of glycogen in both PAS and Best Carmine

A

COULOMBIC BONDS

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4
Q

Probably the OLDEST STAIN, originally used for microscopic study of starch granules

A

IODINE

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5
Q

iodine stain used in staining microorganisms and fibrin in tissue sections

A

Gram’s Iodine

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6
Q

Iodine stain used as a test for glycogen, amyloid and corpora amylacea

A

Lugol’s Iodine

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7
Q

STAINS FOR FATS AND LIPIDS:

A
  • Sudan Black B (SBB)
  • Sudan IV
  • Oil Red O
  • Osmium tetroxide
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8
Q

MOST SENSITIVE AND SPECIFIC FOR LIPID STAINING (FATS); stain of choice for ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE

A

SUDAN BLACK B (SBB)

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9
Q

BEST STAIN FOR BASIC PROTEINS (Histones and Protamines)

A

ALKALINE FAST GREEN

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10
Q

STAINS FOR NUCLEIC ACIDS:

A
  • Feulgen technique
  • Methyl-Green pyronin
  • Acridine Orange
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11
Q

The Feulgen technique stains the _____ Red-purple

A

DNA

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12
Q

MOST RELIABLE AND SPECIFIC histochemical staining technique for the DNA (+RED-PURPLE)

A

FEULGEN

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13
Q

_______ can be used as an alternative for Feulgen technique

A

ACRIFLAVINE

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14
Q

Most commonly used FLUOROCHROME to demonstrate DNA and RNA in fresh or fixed tissues

A

ACRIDINE ORANGE

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15
Q

Acridine orange is used for:

A

SCREENING of CERVICAL SMEARS FOR CANER CELLS

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16
Q

In Methyl Green-Pyronin, Methyl-green stains the ________ and Pyronin stains ________

A

Methyl Green - NUCLEUS
Pyronin - CYTOPLASM

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17
Q

Stains for CONNECTIVE TISSUE:

A

Van Gieson’s Stain - Collagen - Pink/Deep Red

Orcein - Elastic fibers - Dark Brown

Crystal violet - Amyloid - Purplish Red

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18
Q

SIMPLET METHOD OF DIFFERENTIAL STAINING OF COLLAGEN using a mixture of picric acid and acid fuchsin

A

Van Gieson

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19
Q

EXCELLENT STAIN FOR ELASTIC FIBERS (TAENZER-UNNA); especially recommended in dermatological studies due to its ability to demonstrate the finest and most delicate fibers in the skin

A

ORCEIN

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20
Q

It is used as 4% aqueous in Krajian’s method staining of AMYLOID, elastic tissues and myelin; utilized as a stain for AXIS CYLINDERS in embryo

A

CONGO RED

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21
Q

For staining AMYLOID in FROZEN SECTIONS AND PLATELETS IN BLOOD

A

CRYSTAL VIOLET

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22
Q

STAINS FOR COLLAGEN:

A
  1. Van Gieson
  2. Mallory’s Aniline blue
  3. Masson’s Trichome
  4. Azocarmine
  5. Krajian’s Aniline blue

mnemonic: “VGMMAK” ‘bigmac’

23
Q

STAINS FOR ELASTIC FIBERS:

A
  1. Orcein
  2. Weigert’s
  3. Congo Red
  4. Krajian’s

mnemonic: “OWCK”

24
Q

Stains for MUSCLE AND BONE

A
  • Mallory’s PTAH
  • Modified Gomori’s Trichome stain
  • Heidenhain’s Iron hematoxylin
25
Q

Useful for the demonstration of MUSCLE STRAITIONS:

A

Phosphotungstic Acid-Hematoxylin (PTAH)

stains muscle striation, and neuroglia BLUE

26
Q

Stains for CNS TISSUES:

A
  • Bielchowsky’s technique
  • Luxol Fast Blue
27
Q

Best stain for CNS (Neurofibrils, Axons and Neurons):

A

BIELCHOWSKY’S technique

stains Neurofibrils, Axons, Neurons BLACK

28
Q

Stains for BONE MARROW, and BLOOD ELEMENTS

A
  • Rapid Toluidine
  • Wright-Giemsa or Jenner-Giemsa
  • Peroxidase Reaction
29
Q

ROMANOWSKY STAINS include:

A
  • Wright stain
  • Leishman stain
  • Giemsa stain
  • Jenner’s stain

All are used to examine BLOOD OR BONE MARROW SAMPLES

30
Q

Stains for TISSUE PIGMENTS AND DEPOSITS:

A
  • Perl’s Prussian blue
  • Turnbull’s
  • Masson-Fontana Technique
  • Von Kossa Silver Nitrate
  • Rhodanine
  • Schmorl’s Ferric-Ferricyanide
31
Q

For hemosiderin (endogenous pigments_

A

PERL’S PRUSSIAN BLUE

32
Q

Perl’s Prussian Blue stain is composed of:

A

1% Potassium Ferrocyanide
2% Aqueous Hydrochloric acid

33
Q

BEST STAIN FOR MELANIN (+BLACK)

A

Masson-Fontana technique

34
Q

BEST STAIN FOR CALCIUM (+BLACK)

A

Von Kossa Silver Nitrate

35
Q

MOST SENSITIVE AND SPECIFIC FOR COOPER (+RED)

A

RHODANINE

36
Q

Endogenous pigments:

A
  1. Hemosiderin
    2,. Hematoidin
  2. Hematin
  3. Hemozon
  4. Hemofuson (Lipofuscin)

“HHHHH”

37
Q

Iron-containing pigment of hemoglobin, and is usually found in places which are easily accessible to oxygen; most common hemoglobin derivative

A

HEMOSIDERIN

38
Q

Iron-free pigment of hemoglobin, found in areas where there is poor oxygenation, participating in the formation of bile pigments

A

HEMATOIDIN

39
Q

Hemoglobin minus the globin molecule, found in blood clots, but may be encountered in malaria, pernicious anemia and toxic hemolysis

A

HEMATIN

40
Q

Black granule formed by malarial parasites in the red blood cells

A

HEMOZOIN

41
Q

Iron-free brownish yellow pigment that occurs with hemosiderin in hemochromatosis

A

HEMOFUSCIN (LIPOFUSCIN)

42
Q

The MOST COMMON EXOGENOUS PIGMENT, appearing JET BLACK PIGMENTS in lung sections and bronchial glands of CHRONIC SMOKERS:

A

CARBON

43
Q

STAINS FOR MICROORGANISMS:

for complete list, refer to mothernotes

A
  1. Levaditi
  2. Dieterle
  3. Wade-Fite Technique
  4. Orcein method
  5. Toluidine blue
44
Q

Levaditi

stains:
color:

A

Levaditi stain

stains: Spirochetes
color: Black on Yellow background

45
Q

Dieterle stain

stains:
color:

A

Dieterle stain

stains: Legionella pneumophilia
color: Dark Brown to Black

46
Q

Wade-Fite technique

stains:
color:

A

Wade-Fite technique

stains: Mycobacterium leprae, Nocardia
color: Red

47
Q

Orcein method

stains:
color:

A

Orcein method

stains: HBsAg
color: Brown-Black

48
Q

Toluidine blue

stains:
color:

A

Toluidine blue

stains: Helicobacter pylori (#1 stain for H. pylori)
color: Dark blue

49
Q

Excellent stain for MALARIAL PARASITES; used for staining blood to differentiate leukocytes; may be used as a stain for HELICOBACTER PYLORI (#2 choice for H. pylori)

A

GIEMSA STAIN

50
Q

STAINS FOR SPIROCHETES (+BLACK)

A
  1. Warthin-Starry method
  2. Levaditi
  3. Modified Steiner and Steiner
51
Q

Contrast stain for staining ASCARIS EGGS and erythrocytes and as a bacterial spore stain

A

MALACHITE GREEN

52
Q

Used in identification of SPIROCHETES, reticulum, and other fibers stain

A

SILVER NITRATE

53
Q
A

HISTOPATHOLOGY (TopnotcherQT) (26 decks)

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