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HISTOPATHOLOGY (TopnotcherQT) > MICROTOMY > Flashcards

MICROTOMY Flashcards

1
Q

ESSENTIAL PARTS OF MICROTOME

A
  1. Block holder - where the tissue is hold in position
  2. Knife carrier and knife - for actual cutting of the tissue sections
  3. Pawl, ratchet feed wheel and adjustment crews - to line up the tissue block in proper position with the knife, adjusting the proper thickness of the tissue for successive sections
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2
Q

TYPES OF MICROTOME:

A
  1. Rocking microtome/Cambridge microtome
  2. Rotary microtome
  3. Sliding microtome
  4. Freezing microtome
  5. Ultrathin microtome
  6. Cryostat
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3
Q

For cutting serial sections of LARGE BLOCK OF PARAFFIN EMBEDDED tissues; Simplest among the different types of microtome

A

Rocking microtome/Cambridge microtome

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4
Q

Who invented the Rocking microtom?

A

Paldwell Trefall (1881)

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5
Q

For cuting PARAFFIN EMBEDDED sections; MOST COMMON type used for both routine and research laboratories

A

Rotary microtome

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6
Q

who invented the rotary microtome?

A

Minot (bet. 1885-1886)

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7
Q

For cutting CELLOIDIN EMBEDDED sections; MOST DANGEROUS type of microtome due to movable exposed knife

A

Sliding microtome

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8
Q

Types of sliding mcirotome:

A
  1. Base-sledge: Movable block, stationary knife
  2. Standard-slicing: Stationary block, movable knife
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9
Q

Who invented the sliding microtome?

A

Adams (1789)

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10
Q

For cutting UNEMBEDDED FROZEN SECTIONS that releases carbon dioxide that freezes tissues

A

Freezing microtome

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11
Q

Who invented the freezing microtome?

A

Queckett (1848)

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12
Q

For cutting plastic embedded sections for ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (EM)

A

Ultrathin microtome

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13
Q

Optimum working temperature of Cryostat:

A

-18 to -20C

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14
Q

Maintaining temperature of cryostat:

A

-5 to -30C (near -20C)

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15
Q

Classification of microtome knives

A
  1. Conventional steel knives
  2. Disposable knives
  3. Glass knives
  4. Diamond knife
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16
Q

Types of conventional knives:

A
  1. Plane concave (25 mm in length)
  2. Biconcave (120 mm in length)
  3. Plane-wedge (100 mm in length)
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17
Q

LESS CONCAVE SIDES are recommended for cutting __________________ tissue blocks on a sliding microtome

A

CELLOIDIN-EMBEDDED tissue blocks

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18
Q

MORE CONCAVE SIDES are used to cut ________________ on base-sledge, rotary or rocking microtome

A

PARAFFIN SECTIONS

19
Q

Recommended for cutting PARAFFIN EMBEDDED SECTIONS on a ROTARY MICROTOME

A

Biconcave (120 mm in length)

20
Q

Recommended for FROZEN SECTIONS or for cutting EXTREMELY HARD AND TOUGH SPECIMENS, using a base-sledge type or sliding microtome

A

Plane-wedge (100 mm in length)

21
Q

MORE COMMONLY USED microtome knives nowadays since it is cheaper to use than conventional steel knives

A

Disposable blades

**MAGNETIC KNIVES - suitable use for CRYOSTAT

22
Q

Used for trimming and SEMI-THIN “survey” sectioning of tissue blocks for ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

A

Glass knives

23
Q

Used only for cutting ULTRA-THIN sections for electron microscopy

A

Diamond knife

24
Q

Sharpening of the conventional steel-knives

1st step:
2nd step:

A

Sharpening of the conventional steel-knives

1st step: HONING (HARD SHARPENING)
2nd step: STROPPING (POLISHING)

25
Q

Removal of GROSS NICKES on the knife to remove blemishes, and grinding the cutting edge of the knife on stone to acquire an even edge

A

HONING

26
Q

Removal of BURR formed during honing and polishing of the cutting edge of the knife

A

STROPPING

27
Q

Edge first, HEEL to TOE direction:

A

HONING

28
Q

Edge last, TOE to HEEL direction

A

STROPPING

29
Q

How many double strokes should be done in honing?

A

20-30 double strokes

30
Q

How many double strokes should be done in stropping

A

40-120 double strokes

31
Q

Dimension of hones:

A

8x3 inch

32
Q

Dimension of strops:

A

3-4x18 inch

33
Q

THREE TYPES OF HONES:

A
  1. Belgium yellow
  2. Arkansas
  3. Fine carborundum
34
Q

type of hone that gives the BEST RESULT in honing

A

Belgium yellow

35
Q

type of hone that gives BETTER and MORE POLISHING effect

A

Arkansas

36
Q

Coarsest; type of hone for BADLY NICKED AND JAGGED knives

A

Fine carborundum

37
Q

Lubricants to be used in honing:

A
  1. Soapy water
  2. Mineral oil
  3. Clove oil
  4. Xylene or Liquid paraffin
38
Q

Stropping: uses paddle strop made of _______________ that are usually treated with _______________ or _____________ at the back and not the surface

A

Uses paddle strop made of HORSE LEATHER that are usually treated with VEGETABLE OIL or CASTOR OIL at the back and not the surface

39
Q

ANGLES IN TISSUE CUTTING

A

Bevel angle
Clearance angle
Wedge angle

40
Q

Angel formed between the cutting edge of the knife about 27-32 degrees

A

Bevel angle

41
Q

Angle formed between the cutting edge of the knife and the tissue block, 0 to 15 degrees angultaion;

A

Clearance angle

42
Q

Perfect and Optimum angle is:

A

15 degrees

43
Q

To prevent uneven section, angle is:

A

5-10 degrees

44
Q

Angle formed by the sides of the wedge knives, normally 14 to 15 degrees

A

Wedge angle

HISTOPATHOLOGY (TopnotcherQT) (26 decks)

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