MARKERS USED IN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY Flashcards
Epithelial tumor markers:
- Keratin
- EMA (Epithelial Membrane Antigen)
- CEA (Carcinoembryogenic Antigen)
- TTF-1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor-1)
- PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)
Highly sensitive marker for EPITHELILA CELLS, and is present in epithelial tumors (carcinoma)
Keratin
Positive for ADENOCARCINOMA of the breast, lung and kidneys
EMA (Epithelial Membrane Antigen)
Present in CARCINOMAS opf the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, breast, ovary, uterus, and cervix and is useful for differentiating between ADENOCARCINOMA (+) and MESOTHELIOMA (-)
CEA (Carcinoembryogenic antigen)
Positive in THYROID, LUNG and NEUROENDOCRINE tumors
TTF-1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor-1)
Useful in diagnosis of PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA
PSA 9Prostate Specific Antigen)
Intermediate Filament markers:
- Actin
- Vimentin
- Desmin
- GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein)
- NF (Neurofilament)
- S100 Protein
Contractile intermediate filament protein sensitive marker for MUSCLE DIFFERENTIATION
ACTIN
Intermediate filament that is present in normal MESENCHYMAL CELLS, and their neoplastic counterparts (sarcoma, melanoma, lymphoma, leukemia, seminoma and some neutral tumors)
VIMENTIN
Intermediate filament highly specific for MYOGENIC TUMORS (smooth and skeletal muscle)
DESMIN
Smooth muscle tumor:
LEIOMYOMA
Skeletal muscle tumor:
RHABDOMYOSARCOMA
Intermediate filament protein expressed by central nervous system glial cells, particularly ASTROCYTES
GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic protein)
Expressed in cells of NEURAL origin
NF (Neurofilament)
Low molecular weight CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEIN
S100 Protein
Germ cell tumor markers
- HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
- AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein)
- PLAP (Placenta-like ALP)
Synthesized by placental syncytiotrophoblasts; marker for choriocarcinoma
HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Synthesized by normal liver hepatocytes and is used as a marker for ENDODORMEL SINUS TUMORS, EMBRYONAL CARCINOMAS, and TERATOMAS
AFP (alpha fetoprotein)
Produced by placental syncytiotrophoblasts, and is used as a marker for germ cell tumors, particularly germinomas, positive in majority of seminomas
PLAP (Placenta-like ALP)
Positive for MUSCLE-SPECIFIC actin and desmin and/or other muscle markers such as myo-D1, myoglobin and myogenin
Myogenic tumors
CD68 or FAM 56, combined with nonspecific proteolytic enzymes such as alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin
Fibrohistiolytic tumors
Factor VII related antigen, CD31 and Ulex europaeus (UEA)
Vascular tumors
Widely used, highly sensitive, highly specific marker for the diagnosis of MELANOMA
HMB-45 (MELANOSOME)
The best screening marker for LYMPHOMA
LCA (leukocyte common antigen/CD45)
ISOENZYME MARKER whose presence in tissue provides strong evidence of neutral or neuroendocrine differentiation
NSE (Neuron-Specific Enolase)
Found in the neural secretory granules of endocrine tissues, and is recognized as a marker for neuroendocrine differentiation
Chromogranin
Transmembrane protein associated with PRESYNAPTIC vesicles of neurons
Synaptophysin
____________________________ are the MOST COMMON IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL MARKERS used to assess PROLIFERATION OF TUMOR CELLS
Ki-67 (MIB-1) and
PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen)
