MARKERS USED IN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

Question 1

Epithelial tumor markers:

Answer 1

• Keratin
• EMA (Epithelial Membrane Antigen)
• CEA (Carcinoembryogenic Antigen)
• TTF-1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor-1)
• PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)

Question 2

Highly sensitive marker for EPITHELILA CELLS, and is present in epithelial tumors (carcinoma)

Answer 2

Keratin

Question 3

Positive for ADENOCARCINOMA of the breast, lung and kidneys

Answer 3

EMA (Epithelial Membrane Antigen)

Question 4

Present in CARCINOMAS opf the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, breast, ovary, uterus, and cervix and is useful for differentiating between ADENOCARCINOMA (+) and MESOTHELIOMA (-)

Answer 4

CEA (Carcinoembryogenic antigen)

Question 5

Positive in THYROID, LUNG and NEUROENDOCRINE tumors

Answer 5

TTF-1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor-1)

Question 6

Useful in diagnosis of PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA

Answer 6

PSA 9Prostate Specific Antigen)

Question 7

Intermediate Filament markers:

Answer 7

• Actin
• Vimentin
• Desmin
• GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein)
• NF (Neurofilament)
• S100 Protein

Question 8

Contractile intermediate filament protein sensitive marker for MUSCLE DIFFERENTIATION

Answer 8

ACTIN

Question 9

Intermediate filament that is present in normal MESENCHYMAL CELLS, and their neoplastic counterparts (sarcoma, melanoma, lymphoma, leukemia, seminoma and some neutral tumors)

Answer 9

VIMENTIN

Question 10

Intermediate filament highly specific for MYOGENIC TUMORS (smooth and skeletal muscle)

Answer 10

DESMIN

Question 11

Smooth muscle tumor:

Answer 11

LEIOMYOMA

Question 12

Skeletal muscle tumor:

Answer 12

RHABDOMYOSARCOMA

Question 13

Intermediate filament protein expressed by central nervous system glial cells, particularly ASTROCYTES

Answer 13

GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic protein)

Question 14

Expressed in cells of NEURAL origin

Answer 14

NF (Neurofilament)

Question 15

Low molecular weight CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEIN

Answer 15

S100 Protein

Question 16

Germ cell tumor markers

Answer 16

• HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
• AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein)
• PLAP (Placenta-like ALP)

Question 17

Synthesized by placental syncytiotrophoblasts; marker for choriocarcinoma

Answer 17

HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

Question 18

Synthesized by normal liver hepatocytes and is used as a marker for ENDODORMEL SINUS TUMORS, EMBRYONAL CARCINOMAS, and TERATOMAS

Answer 18

AFP (alpha fetoprotein)

Question 19

Produced by placental syncytiotrophoblasts, and is used as a marker for germ cell tumors, particularly germinomas, positive in majority of seminomas

Answer 19

PLAP (Placenta-like ALP)

Question 20

Positive for MUSCLE-SPECIFIC actin and desmin and/or other muscle markers such as myo-D1, myoglobin and myogenin

Answer 20

Myogenic tumors

Question 21

CD68 or FAM 56, combined with nonspecific proteolytic enzymes such as alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin

Answer 21

Fibrohistiolytic tumors

Question 22

Factor VII related antigen, CD31 and Ulex europaeus (UEA)

Answer 22

Vascular tumors

Question 23

Widely used, highly sensitive, highly specific marker for the diagnosis of MELANOMA

Answer 23

HMB-45 (MELANOSOME)

Question 24

The best screening marker for LYMPHOMA

Answer 24

LCA (leukocyte common antigen/CD45)

Question 25

ISOENZYME MARKER whose presence in tissue provides strong evidence of neutral or neuroendocrine differentiation

Answer 25

NSE (Neuron-Specific Enolase)

Question 26

Found in the neural secretory granules of endocrine tissues, and is recognized as a marker for neuroendocrine differentiation

Answer 26

Chromogranin

Question 27

Transmembrane protein associated with PRESYNAPTIC vesicles of neurons

Answer 27

Synaptophysin

Question 28

____________________________ are the MOST COMMON IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL MARKERS used to assess PROLIFERATION OF TUMOR CELLS

Answer 28

Ki-67 (MIB-1) and
PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen)