Special Species Anesthesia Flashcards
What are the 3R’s?
Reduction
Replacement
Refinement
When are rats, mice, and hamsters active?
dawn and dusk
What are pre-anesthetic management for rats, mice, and hamsters?
NO fasting do not vomit prone to hypoglycemia and dehydration experience GI disturbances leading to changes in gut flora, ileus, and enterotoxemia high energy and high water content all are coprophagic - avoid e-collars High risk of hyperthermia
How do you administer anesthetics to rats, mice, and hamsters?
SQ
Where do you get IV access in Rats?
Lateral tail vein
Where do you get IV access in Rabbits?
Auricular
Cephalic
saphenous veins
Where do you get IV access in Guinea Pigs, ferrets?
cephalic vein
What is the most commonly used drugs in lab rodents?
Ketamine
What is an irritant to guinea pigs?
Isoflurane
Why should you be careful of ET tubes in rats, mice, and hamsters?
placing an ET tube narrows the airway and increases resistance to exhalation and potentially the work of breathing
What kind of breathing system should you use in rats, mice, and rabbits?
Non-breathing
Low resistance
minimize dead space in order to prevent rebreathing
What are not practical to use in rats and mice?
Force hot air blankets
Where do you recover rats and mice?
In an incubator
What analgesic is used in rats and mice?
Buprenorphine
What can opioids cause in rats and mice?
Pica
What drug is highly palatable in rats and mice?
Meloxicam
What is the MAC of isoflurane in rats and mice?
1.25%
What kind of metabolism do reptiles perform?
Poikilothermic/ectothermic
How many chambers do squamate/chelonians have in their heart?
3 chambers - 2 atria and 1 ventricle
How many chambers do crocodillians have in their heart?
4 chambers
what are the blood pressures of chelonians and varanid lizards?
chelonians - 15-30 mmHg
varanid lizards - 60-80mmHg
What is special about Chelonian and lizard lungs?
paired sac-like lungs and suspended in the pleuroperitoneal cavity
obligate nasal breathers
What is special about snake lungs?
single functional right lung
possess a right tracheal lung
What is different about the pulmonary system of reptiles?
Lack a diaphragm and inspiration and expiration are active processes
muscles involved in locomotion are involved in ventilation
What is different about the pulmonary system of Chelonians?
the dorsal surface of the lung is attached to the carapace ventral surface to the abdominal viscera
What is special about the renal system in reptiles?
Blood from the hindlimbs and tail may pass via the kidneys before returning to the heart
Where are IM injections administered in snakes?
epaxial muscles
Where are IM injections administered in lizards?
triceps biceps quadriceps semi-membranosus semi-tendinosis Tail
Where are IV injections given in snakes and lizards?
Ventral coccygeal vein
Palatine vein
Where are IV injections given in Tortoise and turtles?
Dorsal coccygeal vein
Where are IV catheters placed?
Coccygeal and abdominal veins
jugular vein in tortoises
What sedatives are used in reptiles?
Benzodiazepines
Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists
What does Propofol cause in reptiles?
decrease in heart rate and respiratory depression
What does Alfaxalone cause in reptiles with higher doses?
respiratory depression
What happens with recovery with ketamine use in reptiles
Prolonged recovery
