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RUSVM Anesthesiology 2016 > Special Species Anesthesia > Flashcards

Special Species Anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3R’s?

A

Reduction
Replacement
Refinement

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2
Q

When are rats, mice, and hamsters active?

A

dawn and dusk

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3
Q

What are pre-anesthetic management for rats, mice, and hamsters?

A 
NO fasting 
do not vomit
prone to hypoglycemia and dehydration 
experience GI disturbances leading to changes in gut flora, ileus, and enterotoxemia
high energy and high water content 
all are coprophagic - avoid e-collars 
High risk of hyperthermia
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4
Q

How do you administer anesthetics to rats, mice, and hamsters?

A

SQ

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5
Q

Where do you get IV access in Rats?

A

Lateral tail vein

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6
Q

Where do you get IV access in Rabbits?

A

Auricular
Cephalic
saphenous veins

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7
Q

Where do you get IV access in Guinea Pigs, ferrets?

A

cephalic vein

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8
Q

What is the most commonly used drugs in lab rodents?

A

Ketamine

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9
Q

What is an irritant to guinea pigs?

A

Isoflurane

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10
Q

Why should you be careful of ET tubes in rats, mice, and hamsters?

A

placing an ET tube narrows the airway and increases resistance to exhalation and potentially the work of breathing

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11
Q

What kind of breathing system should you use in rats, mice, and rabbits?

A

Non-breathing
Low resistance
minimize dead space in order to prevent rebreathing

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12
Q

What are not practical to use in rats and mice?

A

Force hot air blankets

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13
Q

Where do you recover rats and mice?

A

In an incubator

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14
Q

What analgesic is used in rats and mice?

A

Buprenorphine

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15
Q

What can opioids cause in rats and mice?

A

Pica

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16
Q

What drug is highly palatable in rats and mice?

A

Meloxicam

17
Q

What is the MAC of isoflurane in rats and mice?

A

1.25%

18
Q

What kind of metabolism do reptiles perform?

A

Poikilothermic/ectothermic

19
Q

How many chambers do squamate/chelonians have in their heart?

A

3 chambers - 2 atria and 1 ventricle

20
Q

How many chambers do crocodillians have in their heart?

A

4 chambers

21
Q

what are the blood pressures of chelonians and varanid lizards?

A

chelonians - 15-30 mmHg

varanid lizards - 60-80mmHg

22
Q

What is special about Chelonian and lizard lungs?

A

paired sac-like lungs and suspended in the pleuroperitoneal cavity
obligate nasal breathers

23
Q

What is special about snake lungs?

A

single functional right lung

possess a right tracheal lung

24
Q

What is different about the pulmonary system of reptiles?

A

Lack a diaphragm and inspiration and expiration are active processes
muscles involved in locomotion are involved in ventilation

25
Q

What is different about the pulmonary system of Chelonians?

A

the dorsal surface of the lung is attached to the carapace ventral surface to the abdominal viscera

26
Q

What is special about the renal system in reptiles?

A

Blood from the hindlimbs and tail may pass via the kidneys before returning to the heart

27
Q

Where are IM injections administered in snakes?

A

epaxial muscles

28
Q

Where are IM injections administered in lizards?

A 
triceps
biceps
quadriceps
semi-membranosus
semi-tendinosis 
Tail
29
Q

Where are IV injections given in snakes and lizards?

A

Ventral coccygeal vein

Palatine vein

30
Q

Where are IV injections given in Tortoise and turtles?

A

Dorsal coccygeal vein

31
Q

Where are IV catheters placed?

A

Coccygeal and abdominal veins

jugular vein in tortoises

32
Q

What sedatives are used in reptiles?

A

Benzodiazepines

Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists

33
Q

What does Propofol cause in reptiles?

A

decrease in heart rate and respiratory depression

34
Q

What does Alfaxalone cause in reptiles with higher doses?

A

respiratory depression

35
Q

What happens with recovery with ketamine use in reptiles

A

Prolonged recovery

RUSVM Anesthesiology 2016 (38 decks)

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