Equine Anesthesia Flashcards
What kinds of equine is anesthetic risk of mortality increased in?
Mares in the last third of pregnancy
horses undergoing colic surgery
Horses presenting for # repair with internal fixation
surgery lasting more than 4 hours
foals less than a month of age and horses older than 12 years of age
What are the biggest cause of anesthetic related mortality?
Fractures
Dislocation
What are the common arrhythmias in horses?
Secondary AV block
What are signs of sedation in horses?
head down
droopy lips
sleepy
wide based stance
What are used for transquilization in foals?
Benzodiazepine
What drug is not used in adult horses?
Propofol
What are the advantages of TIVA
Minimal CV respiratory depression
recovery quality may be good
What does TIVA for horses include?
GG
Alpha 2 agonist
Xylazine/detomidine/romifidine
Ketamine
What is goal for MAP in horses?
Greater than 70mmHg
What can low BP lead to in horses?
Myopathy
What is the minimum acceptable value for Hemoglobin saturation in horses?
90
What is the eye position in horses when they are under the correct depth of anesthesia?
One eye central and one rotated back or forwards
Slow palpebral reflex
lacrimation
If there is response to anal stimulation is that the correct dept of anesthesia for a horse?
NO - need to be deeper!
What are the NSAIDs used in horses ?
Flunixin
Phenylbutazone
What are the Alpha 2 agonists used in horses ?
CRI: Metomidine, dexmedtomidine or detomidine or romifidine
What are the Opioids used in horses ?
butorphanol
morphine
methadone
What are the problems in equine anesthesia?
Hypotension
Hypoventilation
Hypxemia
What are the problems in equine recovery?
Myopathy
Neuropathy
Spinal cord malacia
What are the treatments for hypotension in equine anesthesia?
Reduce vaporiser setting
Increase the rate of fluid administration
Use vasoconstrictive drugs
What are the treatments for hypoventilation in equine anesthesia?
Reduce anesthetic depth if possible
use IPPV
What are the preventions/ treatments for hypoxemia in equine anesthesia?
Increase FiO2 Mechanical Ventilation Use beta 2 agonist Change position of the animal Reduce pressure from the abdominal contents
How do you prevent myopathy & neuropathy?
Padding
Positioning
What are the causes of post-operative myopathy?
Muscle ischemia and inadequate perfusion Low MAP less than 70 mmHg Hypoxemia vasoconstriction prolonged anesthesia larger horses "compartment" syndrome
What is the temperament of donkeys and mules versus horses?
Most stoic and tolerant of intervention
may be suitable for standing procedures
What is special about donkeys and mules with alpha 2 agonists?
less senstitive
What is special about injectable anesthetic drugs in donkeys and mules?
metabolize ketamine more rapidly
more sensitive ti guaifenesin
