Age Considerations Flashcards
Neonatal
Dogs and Cats less than 6 weeks
Foals and Calves less than 2 weeks
Pediatric
up to 12 weeks
What is special about neonatal respiratory system?
High resting respiratory rate/minute ventilation
increase O2 demand
Greater work of breathing
Minimal pulmonary reserve
What is special about neonatal cardiovascular system?
Fetal circulation (R to L shunt) This may persist especially in foals
What is special about the neonatal Hematologic system?
PCV decreases 1/3 in first 28 days in small animals
Hypoalbuminemia
What is special about the neonatal Hepatic/Renal system?
Deficient Hepatic microsomal enzymes
Decreased GFR
Kidneys less efficient
What else is special about neonates?
Low Body fat
Immature thermoregulatory system
High metabolism and minimal hepatic glycogen
Higher permeability of blood-brain barrier
Do you fast nursing animals?
NO
What type of catheter is placed with neonates?
Intraosseous catheter
What sedatives are not recommended for neonates?
Phenothiazines
Alpha 2 Agonists
What drug is good sedation for foals?
Benzodiazepines
What is a good choice for analgesia in neonates?
Opioids
What drugs are not recommended for use in neonates for analgesia?
NSAIDs
How do you induce foals?
Induced with iso/sevo via nasotracheal tube
Geriatric animals
those that are older than 75% of expected life span
Dogs: 7-10 years
Cats: 10-12 years
Horses: 18-20
What is special about geriatric cardiovascular system?
Dependent on atrial kick and normal sinus rhythm for cardiac output
Limited ability to increase Heart Rate
Rely on increased stroke volume to increase cardiac output
Decreased arterial compliance, myocardial compliance
What is special about geriatric respiratory system?
Decreased gas exchange, vital capacity, thoracic compliance, lung elasticity
Decreased PaCO2
Increased work of breathing
What is special about the geriatric Hepatic/Renal system?
Decreased liver mass
Decreased Kidney mass and functional nephrons
Decreased GFR
Decreased ability to concentrate urine
Decreased ability to correct volume or electrolyte derangements
What else is special about geriatrics?
Decreased MAC Decreased muscle mass Increased fat Decreased plasma volume leading to increased plasma drug concentration Decreased metabolic rate
What is not recommended for routine pre-med for geriatric animals?
Anticholinergics
What animals should you avoid using Ketamine in?
Avoid in CRF cats
Avoid in cats with confirmed or suspected heart disease
