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RUSVM Anesthesiology 2016 > Age Considerations > Flashcards

Age Considerations Flashcards

1
Q

Neonatal

A

Dogs and Cats less than 6 weeks

Foals and Calves less than 2 weeks

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2
Q

Pediatric

A

up to 12 weeks

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3
Q

What is special about neonatal respiratory system?

A

High resting respiratory rate/minute ventilation
increase O2 demand
Greater work of breathing
Minimal pulmonary reserve

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4
Q

What is special about neonatal cardiovascular system?

A 
Fetal circulation (R to L shunt) 
This may persist especially in foals
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5
Q

What is special about the neonatal Hematologic system?

A

PCV decreases 1/3 in first 28 days in small animals

Hypoalbuminemia

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6
Q

What is special about the neonatal Hepatic/Renal system?

A

Deficient Hepatic microsomal enzymes
Decreased GFR
Kidneys less efficient

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7
Q

What else is special about neonates?

A

Low Body fat
Immature thermoregulatory system
High metabolism and minimal hepatic glycogen
Higher permeability of blood-brain barrier

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8
Q

Do you fast nursing animals?

A

NO

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9
Q

What type of catheter is placed with neonates?

A

Intraosseous catheter

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10
Q

What sedatives are not recommended for neonates?

A

Phenothiazines

Alpha 2 Agonists

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11
Q

What drug is good sedation for foals?

A

Benzodiazepines

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12
Q

What is a good choice for analgesia in neonates?

A

Opioids

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13
Q

What drugs are not recommended for use in neonates for analgesia?

A

NSAIDs

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14
Q

How do you induce foals?

A

Induced with iso/sevo via nasotracheal tube

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15
Q

Geriatric animals

A

those that are older than 75% of expected life span
Dogs: 7-10 years
Cats: 10-12 years
Horses: 18-20

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16
Q

What is special about geriatric cardiovascular system?

A

Dependent on atrial kick and normal sinus rhythm for cardiac output
Limited ability to increase Heart Rate
Rely on increased stroke volume to increase cardiac output
Decreased arterial compliance, myocardial compliance

17
Q

What is special about geriatric respiratory system?

A

Decreased gas exchange, vital capacity, thoracic compliance, lung elasticity
Decreased PaCO2
Increased work of breathing

18
Q

What is special about the geriatric Hepatic/Renal system?

A

Decreased liver mass
Decreased Kidney mass and functional nephrons
Decreased GFR
Decreased ability to concentrate urine
Decreased ability to correct volume or electrolyte derangements

19
Q

What else is special about geriatrics?

A 
Decreased MAC
Decreased muscle mass
Increased fat 
Decreased plasma volume leading to increased plasma drug concentration 
Decreased metabolic rate
20
Q

What is not recommended for routine pre-med for geriatric animals?

A

Anticholinergics

21
Q

What animals should you avoid using Ketamine in?

A

Avoid in CRF cats

Avoid in cats with confirmed or suspected heart disease

RUSVM Anesthesiology 2016 (38 decks)

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