Special senses touch/smell/taste

Question 1

5 special senses & organs

Answer 1

1. ) Smell- olfactory epithelium of nasal cavity
2. ) Taste- taste buds
3. ) Hearing- Ear
4. ) equilibrium- ear
5. ) sight- eye

Question 2

Touch sensory endings

Answer 2

1. ) Pacinian corpuscle- deep pressure

2. ) meissner’s corpuscle- light superficial pressure

Question 3

Smell

Answer 3

Olfactory Epithelium, specialized pseudo stratified epithelium, contains sensory cells for olfaction, in roof of nasal cavity

Cranial nerve 1: through the cribriform plate olfactory foramina

Question 4

Taste

Answer 4

taste buds- epithelial structures with stratified epithelium lining the dorsum of tongue

Fungiform-all over tongue, small mushroom
Filiform- all over tongue, pointed and cat like
Vallate-arrange in inverted V near back of tongue, bigger

Question 5

Nerves Associated with Taste

Answer 5

Trigeminal V- anterior 2/3
Glossopharyngeal IX- middle 1/3
Vagus X- posterior 1/3
Facial VII- ant 2/3 lat sides

Question 6

Eye

Answer 6

Eyeball, retina, extrinsic muscles

Embedded in fascia and fat of the orbit, 2.5cm in diameter

Question 7

Extrinsic Muscles of the eye

Answer 7

Lateral Rectus-moves eye laterally
Medial Rectus- moves eye medially
Superior Rectus- elevates eye w/ medial rotation
Inferior rectus- depresses eye and turns it medially
Inferior Oblique- elevates eye and turns it laterally
Superior Oblique- depresses eye and turns it laterally

Question 8

Conjunctiva

Answer 8

Pink Eye- lines anterior part of sclera, reflects back onto inside of eyelids to create conjunctival sac that holds tears, punctured in upper lateral region by ducts from lacrimal gland

Question 9

Anterior Segment of eye

Answer 9

The anterior segment or anterior cavity is the front third of the eye that includes the structures in front of the Aqueous humour (dilute alkaline solution): the cornea, iris, ciliary body, and lens.

Question 10

Posterior Segment of eye

Answer 10

The posterior segment or posterior cavity is the back two-thirds of the eye that includes the anterior hyaloid membrane and all of the optical structures behind it: the vitreous humor (semi gelatinous water and albumin), retina, choroid, and optic nerve.

Question 11

Lens

Answer 11

transparent, biconvex disc, held by ligaments ciliary processes, changes shape thickness to focus, CNIII focusing

farsighted-relaxed cilary muscle, flattened lens

nearsighted- contracted cilary, rounded lens

Question 12

3 tunics of the eye

Answer 12

1. ) Fibrous tunic- sclera, cornea
2. ) Vascular tunic- choroid, ciliary body, iris
3. ) Nervous tunic- retina, pigment epithelium

Question 13

Iris

Answer 13

colored, circular radiating muscle, constrict and dilate the pupil, autonomic nervous system via CNIII and sympathetics

Question 14

Neural Retina

Answer 14

Photoreceptors=visual cells

1. )Rods- dim light, highly sensitive
2. ) Cones- color sensitive

3 layers

1. )photoreceptors
2. ) bipolar cells
3. ) ganglion cells

Question 15

Blind Spot

Answer 15

Optic disc exit of optic nerve and travel of blood vessels

Question 16

Fovea centralis

Answer 16

cones only greatest visual acuity, posterior of eye superior to the nerve

Question 17

Lacrimal Flow

Answer 17

Lacrimal gland, excretory duct, lacrimal punctun, lacrimal sac, inferior meatus of nasal cavity

Question 18

External Ear

Answer 18

Auricle-Pinna
core of elastic cartilage that directs sound waves into the ear

External acoustic meatus- S shaped cartilage and bone, hairs and wax protect against foreign materials, wax from modified sweat gland

Question 19

Middle Ear

Answer 19

Cavity with petrous temporal bone-lined with mucus membrane

1. )Tympanic membrane-separates middle from external ear=ear drum
2. ) bony wall separates middle from inner ear 2 holes (ossicles, oval window and round window)
3. )Eustachian tube- open ant. to nasopharynx, equalizes pressure w/ atmospheric pressure across tympanic membrane
4. ) Mastoid air cells

Question 20

Ossicles

Answer 20

3 bones w/ synovial joints that transmit vibrations of tympanic membrane to oval Window

1. ) Malleus-hammer
2. ) Incus-anvil
3. ) Stapes-stirrup

Question 21

Inner Ear

Answer 21

Organs for Hearing and equilibrium

1. ) bony labyrinth- series of channels within bone lined with serous membrane, secretes fluid-perilymph (vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea)
2. ) membranous labyrinth- sac within bony labyrinth

Question 22

Bony Labyrinth

Answer 22

1. )Vestibule- main chamber, oval window opens to it
2. )Semicircular Cannals- ant, post, and lat. 3 planes of space, open to posterior vestibule
3. ) cochlea- spiral, 2 canals separated by bone projection and basilar membrane

Question 23

Cochlea

Answer 23

2 canals open to vestibule

1. ) scala vestibuli- at oval window covered by stapes
2. ) Scala Tympani- at round window covered by membrane (drum)

Question 24

Membranus Labryinth

Answer 24

sac within bony labyrinth, filled w/ endolymph and surrounded by perilymph

Utricle & saccule w/in vestibule
Semicircular ducts
cochlear duct

Question 25

Otolithic Organs

Answer 25

Maculae- senses linear acceleration and gravitational pull, Calcium carbonate crystals on gelatinous mass with hair cells as receptors

in floor of utricle oriented horizontally, in floor of saccule oriented vertically

Question 26

Crista Ampularis

Answer 26

within ampulla of each semicircular canal, sense rotational acceleration

Capulla- gelatinous mass w/ hair cell

Question 27

Organ of Corti

Answer 27

receptor for hearing within cochlear duct, in wall of scala media (lumen of cochlear duct) and rests on basilar membrane

hair cells, tectorial membrane (gelatinous material), spiral ganglion)

Question 28

Hearing Path

Answer 28

Vibrate tympanic membrane> Vibration of ossicles>vibration of stapes in oval window>waves in perilymph and endolymph in scala vestibuli and scala medis> vibrations in basilar membrane> waves in perilymph of scala tympani> dissipated at round window