Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 101 > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a neuron comprised of?

A

3 main parts 1.) Nucleus, known as a nuceolus 2.) Cytoplasm, known as nissl substance 3.) Processes extending from cell body, known as dendrites and axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

On a myelinated axon, what is the myelin sheath?

A

Each myelin sheath is formed by the concentric wrapping of an oligodendrocyte (CNS) or Schwann cell (PNS) process around the axon. Myelin is an insulating layer, or sheath that forms around nerves, myelin sheath allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

On a myelinated axon, what is the nodes of ranvier?

A

A gap in the myeline Sheath on the axon of a nerve b/n Schwann cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Micrographs of neurons

A

Look at a picture and label

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Afferent vs Efferent

A

Afferent is sensory input, while efferent is motor output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the difference in the lysosome in a nerve cell vs most other cells?

A

lysosome contain enzymes for waste removal and breakdown. In nerve cells some waste, lipofuchsin, is accumulated and can cause neurodegenerative diseases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name the Cerebral hemispheres and their general location.

A
  1. ) Frontal Lobe, forehead pre-central sulcus
  2. ) Parietal, superior to temporal lobe, post-central sulcus, and pre-occipital lobe
  3. )Occipital, post parietal lobe back of head
  4. ) Temporal lobe is inferior to parietal under temporal bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gyri vs sulci

A

plural for gyrus, bump vs

plural for sulcus, indentions or grooves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

is the deep groove that separates the two cerebral hemispheres of the vertebrate brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Transverse Fissure

A

divides the cerebrum from the cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lateral Fissure

A

The lateral sulcus is a deep fissure in each hemisphere that separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Central Sulcus

A

The central sulcus is a prominent landmark of the brain, separating the parietal lobe ( and primary somatosensory cortex) from the frontal lobe ( and primary motor cortex) Runs from longitudinal fissure to lateral fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

precentral Gyrus

A

The gyrus anterior to the central sulcus. the anatomical location of the primary motor cortex, which is responsible for controlling voluntary motor movement on the body’s contralateral side.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Postcentral Gyrus

A

The Gyrus posterior to the central sulcus. the location of the primary somatosensory cortex, the main sensory receptive area for the sense of touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Forehead area, anterior to the central sulcus. The frontal lobe is the part of the brain that controls important cognitive skills in humans, such as emotional expression, problem solving, memory, language, judgment, and sexual behaviors. It is, in essence, the “control panel” of our personality and our ability to communicate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

In the temporal region. is the region where sound is processed and, not surprisingly, it is also a region where auditory language and speech comprehension systems are located.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Back region of head, is the visual processing center of the mammalian brain containing most of the anatomical region of the visual cortex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Superior to temporal lobe and posterior to frontal lobe behind central sulcus. involves sensation and perception and the other is concerned with integrating sensory input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Brain stem

A

is the posterior part of the brain, continuous with the spinal cord. In the human brain the brainstem includes the midbrain, the pons and medulla oblongata.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Olfactory Bulbs and tracts

A

receives neural input about odours detected by cells in the nasal cavity. In the forebrain at the roof of where the nasal cavity would be

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Optic Nerves

A

is branched off of the optic chiasma, optic nerve is located in the back of the eye. It is also called the second cranial nerve or cranial nerve II (transfers visual info)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Optic Chiasma

A

provides a site for the crossing over or desiccation of optic nerve fibers so that contralateral half of the visual field is perceived and processed by the visual cortex. post olfactory tract and pre pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Optic tract

A

is a continuation of the optic nerve that relays information from the optic chiasm to the occipital lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Mammilary Bodies

A

are a pair of small round bodies, located on the undersurface of the brain that, as part of the diencephalon, form part of the limbic system posterior to the pituitary gland and superior to the pons

25
Q

cerebral peduncles

A

superior to the pons and inferior to the hypothalamus. two stalks that attach the cerebrum to the brain stem. Contain large motor and sensory nerve tracts.

26
Q

pons

A

part of the brainstem that links the medulla oblongata to the brainstem.

27
Q

Medulla

A

inferior to the pons and anterior to the cerebellum. The medulla oblongata helps regulate breathing, heart and blood vessel function, digestion, sneezing, and swallowing

28
Q

corpora quadrigemina

A

posterior side of mid brain, off of the cerebral aqueduct. 4 bumps, 2 if cut in half

29
Q

decussation of the pyramids

A

two bumps in the sulcus below the medulla oblongata. The two pyramids contain the motor fibers that pass from the brain to the medulla oblongata and spinal cord. The pyramidal decussation marks the border between the spinal cord and the medulla oblongata.

30
Q

cerebellum when cut arbor vitae

A

The cerebellum is the area at the back and bottom of the brain, behind the brainstem. . The cerebellum has several functions relating to movement and coordination, including: Maintaining balance: The cerebellum has special sensors that detect shifts in balance and movement

31
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Located near the center of the brain, this structure is the largest bundle of nerve fibers that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres, much like a bridge. inferior to the cerebrum in mid brain.

32
Q

Fornix

A

C shaped around the thalamus, part of the limbic system

33
Q

septum pellucidum

A

b/n the corpus callosum and the fornix, separating the anterior horns of the left and right lateral ventricles of the brain

34
Q

Thalamus

A

oval like structure below the fornix, that encloses the third ventricle

35
Q

intermediate mass

A

posterior to interventricular foramen on thalamus

36
Q

epithalamus

A

posterior region to the thalamus, area around the pineal gland

37
Q

choroid plexus

A

The choroid plexus is a plexus of cells that produces the cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain. posterior 2/3rds region b/n the fornix and the thalamus

38
Q

pineal gland

A

a pea-sized conical mass of tissue behind the third ventricle of the brain, secreting a hormone-like substance. inferior to the posterior end of the choroid plexus and superior to the corpora quadrigemina

39
Q

hypothalamus

A

superior to the pituitary gland, anterior and inferior to the thalamus. plays a crucial role in many important functions, including: releasing hormones. regulating body

40
Q

pituitary gland

A

pea shaped inferior to the hypothalamus and hangs in from of the pons. It is referred to as the body’s ‘master gland’ because it controls the activity of most other hormone-secreting glands

41
Q

pituitary stalk

A

connecting tract of the pituitary

42
Q

third ventricle

A

is in the middle and connects the lateral ventricles. superior to the cerebral aqueduct. fluid filled cavity

43
Q

inter ventricular foramen

A

anterior hole in thalamus that allows the inerventricular formina (connect lateral ventricles to third ventricle) to pass though.

44
Q

Cerebral Aqueduct

A

channel that connect the 3rd ventricle to the 4 ventricle. posterior to the pons

45
Q

Fourth ventricle

A

anterior to the arbor vitae and inferior to the cerebral aqueduct

46
Q

choroid plexus of the ventricles

A

is found in the superomedial portion of the inferior horn and the anteromedial portion of the body. It is found along the floor of the lateral ventricles, and on the roof of the third and fourth ventricles.

47
Q

Dura

A

Dura mater is a thick membrane made of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, vascular. It is the outermost of the three layers of membrane called the meninges that protect the central nervous system. Just inferior to the bone of the skull.

48
Q

arachnoid

A

The arachnoid mater is the middle layer of the meninges, lying directly underneath the dura mater. It consists of layers of connective tissue, is avascular, and does not receive any innervation.

49
Q

Pia

A

is located underneath the sub-arachnoid space. It is very thin, and tightly adhered to the surface of the brain and spinal cord. It is the only covering to follow the contours of the brain (the gyri and fissures).Like the dura mater, it is highly vascularised, with blood vessels perforating through the membrane to supply the underlying neural tissue.

50
Q

Falx cerebri

A

It is a large, crescent-shaped fold of meningeal layer of dura mater that descends vertically in the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres of the human brain.

51
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

is an extension of the dura mater that separates the cerebellum from the inferior portion of the occipital lobes.

52
Q

Falx cerebelli

A

is a small sickle shaped fold of dura mater, projecting forwards into the cerebellar notch

53
Q

subarachnoid space

A

is the interval between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater. It is occupied by delicate connective tissue trabeculae and intercommunicating channels containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

54
Q

superior sagital sinus

A

within the human head, is an unpaired area along the attached margin of the falx cerebri. It allows blood to drain from the lateral aspects of anterior cerebral hemispheres to the confluence of sinuses

55
Q

inferior sagital sinus

A

is an area beneath the brain which allows blood to drain outwards posteriorly from the center of the head. inferior to the falx cerebri and superior to the corpus callosum

56
Q

Straight sinus

A

posterior to the inferior sagital sinus. near the area of the cerebellum helps drain blood.

57
Q

transverse sinus

A

a dural venous sinus that passes laterally along the interior surface of the occipital bone

58
Q

sigmoid sinus

A

b/n the transverse sinus connecting to the jugular vein

59
Q

Flow of CSF from choroid plexus

A

Produced by choroid plexus, CSF circulates through ventricles, escapes to subarachnoid space via 3 openings from IV ventricle, Circulates in subarachnoid space all the way to the lumbar cistern (spinal tap), escapes to superior sagittal sinus via arachnoid villi , superior sagital sinus/inferior sagital sinus/straight sinus, to transverse sinus, to sigmoid sinuses, to jugular foramina

Anatomy 101 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions