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Anatomy 101 > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

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1
Q

Mediastinum

A

the area in the chest between the lungs that contains the heart, part of the windpipe (the trachea), the esophagus, and the great vessels including the ascending aorta (the large artery which carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart on its way to the rest of the body) and right and left

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2
Q

Where is the heart positioned?

A

behind the body of the sternum, anterior to vertebrae T5-T8, and anterior slightly to the left in the thorax. In the Mediastenum region b/n 2 lungs

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3
Q

Pericardium

A

=double walled serous sac, simple squamous epithelium (loose ct), separated by serous fluid which decreases friction

  1. ) parietal layer
  2. ) Visceral Layer
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4
Q

Heart Layers in order? (external to internal)

A
  1. ) Parietal Fibrous Pericardium
  2. ) Parietal layer of serous pericardium
  3. ) Pericardial Cavity
  4. ) Epicardium (visceral layer of serous pericardium)
  5. ) Myocardium
  6. ) Endocardium
  7. ) Heart Chamber
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5
Q

Parietal Pericardium

A

Fibrous Pericardium 1st and Serous Pericardium 2nd =Mesothelium
(Most external layers)

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6
Q

Visceral Pericardium

A

mesothelium of epicardium, 2 terms used interchangeably .

4th layer of heart wall

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7
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

filled with pericardial fluid, allows the heart to “float freely”. 3rd layer of heart wall

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8
Q

3 tunics of the heart

A
  1. ) epicardium- tunica adventitia
  2. ) Myocardium- tunica media
  3. ) endocardium- tunica intima
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9
Q

Epicardium

A

visceral layer of serous pericardium (over the heart)

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10
Q

Myocardium

A

“muscle heart” bulk of the heart cardiac muscle tissue, squeeze blood through the heart in the proper directions

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11
Q

Endocardium

A

“within the heart” lines the heart and covers the heart valves, simple squamous epithelium

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12
Q

From where does oxygen poor blood enter what part of the heart?

A

oxygen poor blood enters through the Superior Vena Cava (SVC), Inferior Vena cava (IVC), or Coronary Sinus to the Right Atrium

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13
Q

Describe the flow of blood starting with systemic capillaries.

A 
systemic capillaries-
SVC, IVC, or coronary sinus-
Right Atrium-
tricuspid valve-
right ventricle-
pulmonary semilunar valve-
pulmonary trunk-
lungs (pulmonary capillaries)-
4 pulmonary veins (O2 rich)-
left atrium-
mitral valve, bicuspid-
left ventricle-
aortic semilunar valve-
aorta-
systemic capillaries
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14
Q

4 chambers of the heart

A

right atrium
right ventricle
left atrium
left ventricle

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15
Q

Right Atrium

A
  1. )Openings SVC, IVC, coronary sinus
  2. )Fossa Ovalis-depression in inreratrial septum (fetal rem)
  3. ) Right atrioventricular orifice- tricuspid valve- right atrioventricular valve
  4. ) pectinate muscle- in auricle
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16
Q

Fossa Ovalis

A

a depression in the location of the foramen oval= opening through the interarterial septum which opens to the left atrium in fetus, IVC valve directs blood in fetal life, closes after birth mostly

17
Q

Right Ventricle

A

2 openings 1.) right atrioventricular orfice, tricuspid valve (AV valve), Chordae tendinae (fibrous cords) 2.) orifice to pulmonary trunk, pulmonary semilunar valves

Papillary muscles
trabeculae carnae- muscle ridges throughout wall

18
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

AV valve, 3 triangular cusps (attach by cordae tendonae to papillary muscles)
Prevent backflow during ventricular contraction

19
Q

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

A

3 pouches
opens during R-ventricular contraction due flow of blood pushing pouches against wall

closes due to back flow of blood caused by elastic recoil in pulmonary artery, filling pouches

20
Q

Left Atrium

A

Chamber= confluence of 4 vessels, therefor smooth walls

Receive oxygenated blood from lungs via 4 pulmonary veins, 2 each side

wall structure similar to right atrium w/ pectinate muscle in auricle
Mitrial valve=bicuspid=left AV valve

21
Q

Left Ventricle

A

Lumen volume is the same as the right ventricle, walls 3x as thick to overcome systemic resistance

2 openings 1.) Left AV orifice-Mitral-bicuspid valve; chordae tendineae to papillary muscle 2.) Aortic orifice-semilunar valve, at peak of aortic vestibule valve flaps thicker

22
Q

Heart sounds

A
  1. ) close AV valves “lub” (bicuspid and tricuspid)

2. ) close semilunar valves “dup”

23
Q

R&L Coronary Arteries

A

travel within atrioventricular groove (coronary sinus)

24
Q

Left coronary artery

A

Left coronary short & branches:

  1. ) anterior interventricular branch- travels to interventrivular sulcus, anastomoses on posterior surface
  2. ) Circumflex branch- anastomoses on posterior surface of right coronary; often a left marginal branch
25
Q

Right Coronary Artery

A

branches: Marginal Branch-along inferior border/margin

Posterior Interventricular Branch- inter ventricular sulcus

26
Q

Cardiac Veins

A
  1. ) Great cardiac vein- anterior inter ventricular sulcus
  2. ) Middle cardiac vein- posterior inter ventricular sulcus
  3. ) Small cardiac vein- along inferior margin

they lead to the posterior atrioventricular groove (CORONARY SINUS) and empty into the right atrium

27
Q

Conduction System of the Heart

A

How the heart initiates its own contraction without enervation

Sinotrial (SA) node
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Bundle of His (AV bundle)
Purkinje fibers

Skeleton of heart

28
Q

Sinotrial Node

A

(SA node) Pacemaker of heart, in wall of right atrium near opening of SVC, cardiac fibers w/ the lowest threshold therefore have the fastest rhythm, impulse spreads over 2 atria via gap junction b/n cardiac muscles

29
Q

Atrioventricular Node

A

AV Node, in floor of R-atrium near coronary sinus, After a short delay (millisecond) an impulse is conducted along inter ventricular septum via Bundle of His

30
Q

Skeleton of heart

A

Fibrous rings around AV and semilunar valves, muscle of atria and ventricles attach to rings, prevent conduction of impulse from atria to ventricles

31
Q

Bundle of His

A

Bundle of Purkinje cells passes through cardiac skeleton, down interventricular septum

AV node>AV septum>2 branches (R&L ventricles)

Branches=Purkinje Fibers (muscle cells with electrical impulse potential)

32
Q

Fetal Circulation-

Foramen Ovale

A
  • passage b/n RA & LA

- becomes fossa ovalis

33
Q

Fetal Circulation-

Ductus Arteriosus

A
  • passage b/n pulmonary trunk and aortic arch

- become ligamentum arteriosum

34
Q

Fetal Circulation-

Umbilical Arteries

A
  • inside anterior body wall to umbilicus

- became medial umbilical ligaments

35
Q

Fetal Circulation-

Umbilical Veins

A
  • from umbilicus to liver

- become ligamentum teres

36
Q

Fetal Circulation-

Ductus Vensus

A
  • continuation of umbilical veins through liver to inferior vena cava
  • becomes legamentum venosum

Anatomy 101 (15 decks)

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