Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 101 > Endocrine Glands > Flashcards

Endocrine Glands Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Endocrine System

A

Organs whose secretory products are hormones> Pituitary (hypophysis), thyroid, parathyoid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads

-second great communication system beyond the nervous system
-blood borne messengers which control and integrate many body functions
>Reproduction
>organic metabolism
>energy balance
>mineral metabolism
>growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Endocrine VS Nervous System

A

Endocrin system-

  • slow and general
  • blood borne
  • receptors (on cell membrane protein/ peptide hormones, within cell steroid hormones)

Nervous system

  • fast precise local
  • action potentials
  • receptors only at synapse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hormone

A

Chemical substance secreted into the blood and carried to other sites of the body where its actions are exerted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Target cells

A

cells capable of responding to hormone must have receptors for hormone. Presence of specific receptors determines specificity of actions of hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hypophysis

A

Pituatary

  • lies in sella turcica of sphenoid bone
  • size of a pea
  • attached to hypothalmus via the infundibulum and pituatary stalk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the two major divisions of the hypophisis?

A

adenohypophysis=anterior lobe

neurohypophysis=posterior lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Neurohypophysis

A

posterior lobe

  • axon and axon terminals from neurons in nuclei of hypothalamus; glial cells
  • hormones formed in the hypothalamus travel down axons, stored in axon terminals in posterior lobe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the Neurohypophysis secrete and f(x)

A

1.) ADH- antidiuretic hormone, regulated by osmoreceptors of hypothalamus
f(x) increase reabsorption of water at kidney to regulate plasma osmolarity and vasoconstrict to increase blood pressure in high concentrations
2.) Oxytocin-regulated by sensory input contraction of
f(x) myoepithelial cells of mammary gland for milk let down, smooth muscle of uterus for parturition (delivery), “trust” “love” hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what controls the activity of the anterior pituitary?

A

Hypothalmic secretions serve as releasing factors and/ or inhibiting factors for secretions of the anterior lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

adenohypophysis

A

anterior lobe, hypothalmic control via the venous portal system

capillaries of hypothalamus>portal veins>capillaries of anterior pituatary> veins to heart= hypothlmo-hypophyseal portal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 cells of anterior lobe of pituatary

A

acidophils, basophils, chromophobs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Acidophils

A

GH-growth hormone, regulate growth and metabolism
PRL-Prolactin, milk synthesis and secretion

Chromophobes-empty cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Basophils

A

Secrete series of hormones which regulate other endocrine glands

Glycoproteins w/ to sub units: alpha and beta
ACTH-adrenocorticotropic hormone, regulates adrenal cortex
TSH- Thyroid stimulating hormone, regulates production and release of thyroxin from thyroid gland
FSH- Follicle stimulating hormone, regulates activity of follicular cells of ovary and seminiferous tubules of the testis
LH-Luteinizing hormone, regulates: ovulation and development of corpus luteum in ovary; interstitial cells in testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What hormones are released from the anterior pituatary where do they effect the body?

A
  1. ) growth hormone GH- bones and muscles
  2. ) Prolactin PRL-mammary glands
  3. )Follicle stimulating hormone FSH- testis ovaries
  4. ) Thyrotropic hormone TSH- thyroid
  5. ) adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH- adrenal cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Thyroid Gland

A
  • largest endocrine gland 20-30 grams
  • 2 lobes overlap junction of larynx and trachea
  • connected anteriorly by an isthmus; pyramidal lobe sometimes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Thyroid gland cells:

follicular cells and C cells

A

Follicular cells- synthesize thyroxine, secrete it into follicular cavity where it binds to thyroglobulin; resorb thyroglobulin to release thyroxine into blood

C Cells- parafollicular cells, cluster of light cells found between follicles, secrete calcitonin

17
Q

Thyroid Gland Secretions

A

Thyroid hormone- increases metabolic rate , influences mental acuity and growth development of CNS and of tissues in general

Calcitonin- decreases plasma calcium, mianly by decreasing bone reabsorption and increasing bone deposition

18
Q

Hyperthyrodism

A

cold intolerance, low metabolism, mentally sluggish

19
Q

Parathyroid Glands

A

4 small glands located on the dorsal aspect of lobes of thyroid gland

20
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

releases in response to decreases in plasma calcium. It increases plasma calcium by increasing bone reabsorption and decreasing bone deposition, increasing GI absorption of calcium and increasing reabsorption of calcium at the kidney

decreased plasma calcium causes tetany, muscle spasms

21
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

paired glands. located superior of kidneys

22
Q

Structure of adrenal glands

A

80% cortex, outer

20% medulla, inner

23
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

basically a sympathetic ganglion converted to endocrine function

  • secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine (the neurotransmitter of the sympathetic system)
  • same actions as sympathitic NS activity, increase heart rate; vasoconstriction, increase blood pressure; increase blood sugar, decreased intestinal activity
24
Q

3 layers of the Adrenal Cortex

A
  1. ) Zona Glomerulosa
  2. ) Zona fasciculata
  3. ) Zona reticularis
25
Q

zona glomerulosa

A

secretes mineralocorticoid (aldosterone); regulates blood pressure and plasma

26
Q

zona fasciculata

A

secretes glucocoticoids (cortisol) and some sex steroids; stress hormone, regulates metabolism, anti-insulin effects; ACTH target

27
Q

Zona reticularis

A

secretes sex steroids (androgens) and some glucocoticoids; weak sex effects

28
Q

Pancreas

A

Islets of Langerhans

-secrete insulin and glucagon in response to changes in plasma glucose levels

29
Q

Beta cells (pancreas)

A

secrete insulin
-decrease plasma glucose by increasing movement of glucose into cells and its metabolic utilization; inhibits metabolism of lipids

30
Q

Alpha cells (pancreas)

A

Secrete glucagon

-increase plasma glucose by increasing synthesis and release of glucose by the liver

31
Q

Gonads

A

ovaries and testes secrete sex hormones; estrogen, progestrone, testosterone

32
Q

Thymus

A

thymosin-lymphocyte maturation

33
Q

Pineal

A

melatonin

34
Q

Placenta

A

hCG, estrogen, progesterone, hPL

35
Q

Heart

A

atrial natriuretic factor

36
Q

GI tract

A

various hormones regulate GI and pancreas enzymes and bile secretion and motility

Anatomy 101 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions