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DDE > Special senses > Flashcards

Special senses Flashcards

Vocabulary learning

1
Q

Retina

A

Innermost structural layer of the eye, containing the light sensitive nerve cells

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2
Q

Iris

A

Circular membrane suspended behind the cornea and encircling the front of the lens; regulates the amount of light entering the eye

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3
Q

Lens

A

Clear, colorless, lentil-shaped body suspended behind the iris, which changes shape to alter the focus of entering light rays

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4
Q

Conjunctiva

A

Membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelids and covering the visible surface of the sclera

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5
Q

Fovea

A

A tiny pit about 1 degree wide, in the center of the macula, composed of color receptors (cone cells)

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6
Q

Cornea

A

Clear, colorless portion of outer layer of eyeball, forming the anterior wall of the anterior chamber

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7
Q

Outer ear

A

Conducts sound to the eardrum via the external auditory canal. It is the primary screening device

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8
Q

Middle Ear

A

Conducts sound to the inner ear via the eardrum, ossicles, and oval window. Acts as an amplifier, increasing the force of the sound waves.

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9
Q

Inner Ear

A

Functions as the primary organ of hearing through the cochlea. Receives sound and transmits, electrical impulses to the auditory nerve. Also functions as the organ of equilibrium through the vestibule and semicircular canals by converting movements of fluid inside the organ into the electrical impulses; detects sudden changes and identifies static sense of position.

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10
Q

Conductive Hearing Loss

A

A mechanical problem of sound transmission caused by interference in the transmission of sound vibrations through the outer or middle ear due to impairment of these components (resulting from obstruction, congenital abnormalities, injury, disease, etc.)

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11
Q

Sensorineural Hearing loss

A

A problem in sound reception or transmission involving impairment of the inner ear. Because of defect in or damage to the small nerve endings and/or hair cells, the nerve does not receive sound vibrations. May also be due to defect in or damage to the auditory nerve, cerebral pathways, or auditory center in the brain

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12
Q

Mixed Hearing Loss

A

Combination of conductive and sensorineural loss with features of both

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13
Q

Vestibular Disturbance

A

Consists of disturbance in, and loss of appreciation of, the sense of position/posture (static equilibrium) and the sense of balance/movement in space (kinetic equilibrium). May also be associated with progressive hearing loss.

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14
Q

Air Conduction

A

The transmission of sound vibrations through the external auditory canal and the middle ear and into the inner ear

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15
Q

Audiogram Report

A

Chart for depicting the variations in hearing acuity by frequency and decibel levels for both bone and air conduction

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16
Q

Bone Conduction

A

Transmission of sound vibrations through the mastoid process or skull to activate the sensory organs of the inner ear directly

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17
Q

Cochlea

A

Primary organ of hearing housing sensory organs

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18
Q

Labyrinth

A

System of fluid-filled bony and membranous interconnecting canals within the inner ear

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19
Q

Meniere’s Disease

A

An inner ear disorder with the symptoms ranging from ringing, buzzing and dizziness to total deafness and loss of equilibrium

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20
Q

Organ of Corti

A

Sensory organ in the inner ear with nerve endings that convert the mechanical sound wave vibrations into electrical impulses

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21
Q

Semicircular Canals

A

Semicircular organs within the inner ear that detect sudden changes in movement, movements of rotation and of acceleration in any direction

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22
Q

Tinnitus

A

Sensation in the ear of ringing, buzzing, or clicking

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23
Q

Vertigo

A

Inability to maintain equilibrium; an hallucinatory sensation of surroundings revolving or moving forward or backward

24
Q

Ostosclerosis

A

Hereditary disease in which there is formation of spongy bone around the capsule of the inner ear

25
Q

Decibel

A

Unit used to express the intensity of sound

26
Q

Frequency

A

A sound wave length that determines pitch

27
Q

Larynx

A

The primary mechanism by which we speak, i.e., the organ of speech

28
Q

Vocal Cords

A

Voice sounds are produced by vibration of vocal cords

29
Q

Epiglottis

A

An elastic cartilage which guards the glottis during swallowing

30
Q

Glottis

A

The two vocal folds and the space between them

31
Q

Palate

A

Roof of the mouth, modifies sounds

32
Q

Tongue

A

Muscles of this structure allow it to assume the necessary form for enunciation of different sounds

33
Q

6 small muscles

A

Hold the eye in place and allows controlled movement

34
Q

Sclera

A

“Whites of the eyes”, fibrous, tough, outer coverings, covers 3/4 of of the eyeball from the edge of the cornea to the back of the eye where it connects to the dura, it is a continuation of the dura

35
Q

Dura

A

Outer coat of the back of the eye

36
Q

Anterior Chamber

A

Space between the cornea and the iris containing aqueous humor

37
Q

Pupil

A

Regulates the amount of light allowed into the eye

38
Q

Ciliary body

A

Produces aqueous humor, muscle that holds lens in place and aids in accommodation

39
Q

Choroid

A

Vascular coat between retina and sclera that furnishes blood supply to the retina and conducts arteries and nerves to the anterior structures

40
Q

Posterior chambers

A

Space behind the iris containing aqueous humor

41
Q

Vitreous Humor

A

Jelly like substance that fills the posterior portion of the eye

42
Q

Vitreous chamber

A

Space behind the lens containing vitreous humor

43
Q

Peripheral Retina

A

Attaches to the choroid and to the vitreous body
Mostly made up of rods
Involved in the performance of the peripheral visual field and night vision tasks

44
Q

Central retina

A

Contains the Macula
Nerve tissue of the retina is made primarily of Cones
Color perception occurs here

45
Q

Pure tone average

A

Combining the 3 scores at the 500 dB, 1000 dB, and 2000 dB and dividing by 3 to get the average

46
Q

Bone conduction

A

The transmission of sound to the inner ear primarily by means of mechanical vibrations of the cranial bones

47
Q

Malleus (Hammer)

A

One of the 3 tiny bones called ossicles

48
Q

Incus (anvil)

A

One of the 3 tiny bones called ossicles

49
Q

Stapes (stirrup)

A

One of the 3 tiny bones called ossicles

50
Q

Pinna

A

Part of outer ear

51
Q

External Auditory Canal

A

Part of out ear

52
Q

Eardrum (Tympanic membrane)

A

Part of outer ear

53
Q

Tympanic Cavity

A

Part of the middle ear

54
Q

Eustachian tube

A

Part of the middle ear and exit middle ear release of air pressure

55
Q

Oval Window

A

Part of the middle ear

56
Q

Vestibule

A

Chamber between the semicircular canals and Cochlea made up of Utricle and Saccule- Otolith organs within the vestibule sensitive to changes in position

57
Q

Internal Auditory Canal

A

A short auditory canal in the temporal bone through which pass the facial and auditory nerves and the internal auditory artery

DDE (13 decks)

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