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DDE > Hematologic System > Flashcards

Hematologic System Flashcards

1
Q

Homeostasis

A

Is the process of maintaining stability in the internal environment of the body

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2
Q

Anemia

A

Reduction below normal in the number of red blood cells (RBC) per cu. mm, or in the quantity of hemoglobin per 100 ml, of blood or in the volume of packed RBCs

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3
Q

Angioma

A

A tumor whose cells tend to form blood vessels or lymph vessels; a tumor made up of blood or lymph vessels

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4
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

A disease characterized by the failure of bone marrow to produce all 3 cell lines but a major decrease in red.

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5
Q

Biopsy

A

The removal of tissue from the living body, performed to establish precise diagnosis, usually by microscope examination of that tissue

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6
Q

Blast

A

An immature cell

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7
Q

Blood

A

The fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins, carrying nutriment, and oxygen to the body cells. It is a connective tissues

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8
Q

Major Functions of Blood

A
  1. Transportation
  2. Temperature
  3. Acid base balance
  4. Immune protection
  5. Hemostasis
  6. Fluid balance
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9
Q

Bone Marrow

A

The soft material filling the cavities of the bones, made up of a meshwork of connective tissue, the meshes being filled with marrow cells, which consist variously of fat cells, nucleated hematopoietic cells (precursors of the mature cells of the blood), mature blood cells, and tissues cells. Yellow bone marrow is bone marrow of the kind in which the fat cells predominate. Red bone marrow is marrow which is the site production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

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10
Q

Bone marrow transplantation

A

A procedure to replace bone marrow that has been destroyed by disease or other cause. Transplantation may be autologous (an individual’s own marrow saved before treatment), allogeneic (marrow donated by someone else, or syngeneic (donated by an identical twin)

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11
Q

CBC

A

Abbreviation for complete blood count

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12
Q

Coagulation (blood)

A

The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors interact ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot. Disorder of hemostasis- Any disorder of any stage of coagulation, such as a deficiency of prothrombin, of AHF, or of fibrin

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13
Q

Cyte, cyto

A

Cell

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14
Q

Cytology

A

Pertaining to the study of cells

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15
Q

Electrophoresis

A

The movement of charged particles in an applied electric field

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16
Q

emia

A

Suffix showing relationship to blood condition

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17
Q

Erythrocyte (red blood cell or corpuscle

A

One of the formed elements found in the peripheral blood. Normally the mature form is a non-nucleated, biconcave disc, able by virtue of its hemoglobin content to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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18
Q

Erythro-

A

Red

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19
Q

Erythrocytosis

A

An abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells (erythrocytes)

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20
Q

Erythropoietin

A

A hormone recreated by the kidney which stimulates red blood cell production.

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21
Q

Globulin, Globin

A

Blood proteins

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22
Q

Graft Vs. Host disease

A

Spontaneous growth of lymphocytes from a bone marrow transplant

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23
Q

HCT

A

Abbreviation for hematocrit

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24
Q

Hemarthrosis

A

Bleeding into joint spaces. The blood seriously damages the joint and may eventually destroy it.

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25
Q

Hematocrit

A

The proportion of red blood cells in a volume of blood

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26
Q

Hemoglobin

A

The iron containing pigment of the red blood cells (erythrocytes) that carries oxygen to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs.

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27
Q

Hemolysis

A

The destruction of red blood cells

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28
Q

Hemolytic anemia

A

Anemia due to an increased destruction of red cells beyond the capacity of the bone marrow to compensate for the loss.

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29
Q

Hemophilia (factor deficiency)

A

Caused by deficiency in clotting factors, not platelets

A hereditary hemorrhagic tendency due to a deficiency of anti-hemophilic globulin and characterized by increased bleeding.

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30
Q

Hemorrhage

A

The escape of blood from the vessels; small hemorrhages are classified by size as petechiae (very small), purpura (up to 1 CM), and ecchymoses (larger). The accumulation of blood within a tissue is called a hematoma. Spontaneous h. - Hemorrhage occurring without overt provocation.

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31
Q

Hemostasis (stopping the bleeding)

A

The arrest of bleeding either by the physiological properties of vasoconstriction, platelet activation, and coagulation, or by surgical means

32
Q

Homeostasis

A

The internal balance system which attunes body functions to preserve life.

33
Q

Immunoglobulin

A

A protein, synthesized by lymphocytes and plasma cells, which functions as an antibody. It is made up of two heavy chains and two light chains of amino acids.

34
Q

Infarction

A

Death of tissues secondary to interruption of the blood supply

35
Q

Infection

A

The state or condition in which the body (or part of it) is invaded by an infectious agent (e.g., bacteria, virus, or fungus) that multiplies and produces an injurious effect (active infection).

36
Q

Leuko

A

Prefix meaning white or denoting relationship to white blood corpuscles

37
Q

Leukocyte

A

White blood cell. Two types: Granulocytes (having abundant granules in cytoplasms) and mononuclear cells (having no specific granules in the cytoplasms
(lymphocytes and monocytes)

38
Q

Lymph

A

A slightly yellow liquid found in the lymphatic vessels and derived from the tissue fluids.

39
Q

Lymphatic

A

Pertaining to lymph or to a lymph vessel. In the plural (lymphatics), the term is used to designate the lymphatic system.

40
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

A body-wide network of channels, similar to the blood vessels, which transport lymph to the organs and tissues and into the bloodstream

41
Q

Lymph node (They drain a part of the body)

A

An accumulation of lymphoid tissues organized as a definite lymphatic organ, situated along the course of lymphatic vessels. May play a role in antibody production

42
Q

Lymphocyte

A

A mononuclear cell produced by lymphoid tissue in the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland, the bone marrow, and in the submucosa of the GI and respiratory tracts.

43
Q

Lymphoid

A

Resembling or pertaining to lymph or the lymphatic system

44
Q

Lysis, Lytic

A

Destruction, as of cells

45
Q

Megakaryocyte (platelets come off of this)

A

The giant cell of bone marrow that produces platelets. Mature blood platelets are released from its cytoplasm

46
Q

Myelo- Myel-

A

Related to bone marrow, spinal cord, or myelin

47
Q

Myelofibrosis

A

Replacement of the bone marrow by fibrous tissue

Which results in reduced production of all three blood cell types, in particular RBC’s

48
Q

Myeloma

A

A tumor composed of abnormal plasma cells.

49
Q

Myeloproliferative Syndrome

A

Blood becomes thicker and there is an increase risk in clotting.
Overgrowth of some or all cells produced by bone marrow, due to an acquired (clonal) abnormality.

50
Q

Neutropenia

A

An abnormal reduction of circulating neutrophils (white blood cells)

51
Q

-oma

A

Referring to a tumor or neoplasm

52
Q

-osis

A

A process, especially a disease process. Also, an abnormal increase

53
Q

-penia

A

An abnormal reduction (decrease) in number

54
Q

Plasma

A

Fluid portion of blood. Plasma suspends the blood cells and particular components of blood, including nutriments, and is to be distinguished from serum, which is the cell-free portion of the blood after it has clotted

55
Q

Platelet

A

A disc-shaped structure found in the blood, which is formed by the fragmentation of the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and is important in sealing leaks from small blood vessels

56
Q

Prophylactic

A

Pertaining to treatment or measures undertaken to prevent disease

57
Q

Purpura

A

Hemorrhage under or into the skin or mucous membranes

58
Q

RBC

A

Abbreviation for red blood cell or red blood count

59
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

A genetically determined severe anemia characterized by joint pain, acute attacks of abdominal pain, ulceration of the lower extremities, sickle cell shaped RBC in the blood.

60
Q

Sickle cell-Thalassemia disease

A

A hereditary anemia involving two genetically determined abnormalities; the S-type hemoglobin of sickle cell disease and one of the thalassemia syndromes characterized by reduced production of one of the hemoglobin chains

61
Q

Spleen

A

A large gland-like, ductless organ situated in the upper left abdomen near the stomach.

62
Q

Splenomegaly

A

Enlargement of the spleen

63
Q

Stem cell

A

A formative cell whose daughter cells may give rise to other cell types.

64
Q

Stem cell transplantation

A

A method of replacing blood-forming cells. Transplantation may be autologous (an individual’s own stem cells saved before treatment), allogeneic (using stem cells donated by someone else, or syngeneic (donated by an identical twin)

65
Q

Thalassemia

A

A hereditary group of anemias involving reduced production of one of the hemoglobin chains

66
Q

Thrombo-

A

Relating to clot

67
Q

Thrombocyte

A

Blood platelet

68
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

A decrease in the number of blood platelets

69
Q

Thrombocytosis

A

Increased number of blood platelets

70
Q

Thrombosis

A

The formation, development, or presence of blood clot

71
Q

Thrombotic Crisis (VOC)

A

A symptom complex as seen in sickle cell anemia, characterized by episodes of acute pain and often, infarctions of organs and tissues due to the occlusion of blood vessels

72
Q

Vaso-occlusive

A

Pertaining to the obstruction of blood vessels

73
Q

Venesection (venisection)

A

Surgical blood letting

74
Q

Viscera

A

Plural of viscus; the large interior organs in any one of the three great cavities of the body.

75
Q

Viscosity

A

Blood to thicken

DDE (13 decks)

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