Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Pharynx

A

Cone-shaped passageway leading from the oral and nasal cavities in the head to larynx

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2
Q

Epiglottis

A

A flexible flap at the end of the larynx that acts as a switch between the larynx and the esophagus to permit air to enter the airway to the lungs

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3
Q

Alveoli

A

Air sacs

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4
Q

Trachea and bronchi

A

Air tubes large

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5
Q

Bronchioles

A

Small air tubes

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6
Q

Respiratory bronchioles

A

Very small air tubes

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7
Q

Larynx aka voice box

A

The portion of the respiratory (breathing) tract containing the vocal cords which produce sound

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8
Q

Trachea aka windpipe

A

A wide, hollow tube that connects the larynx (or voice box) to the bronchi of the lungs. It is an integral part of the body’s airway and has the vital function of providing air flow to and from the lungs for respiration.

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9
Q

Bronchi

A

Structurally similar to the trachea, the two primary bronchi are located inside the lungs. The bronchi become smaller the closer they get to the lung tissue and are then considered bronchioles

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10
Q

Pleura (pleurisy)

A

A double layered membrane covering the lungs.

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11
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Is fluid in the lungs

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12
Q

4 most common types of abnormal breath sounds

A

Rales (clicking bubbling, rattling of small airways), Rhonchi (sounds that resemble snoring in the large airways),
Stridor (loud, musical sound of constant pitch in the back of thought), and
Wheezing (high pitched sounds of opposing airways walls when narrowed)

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13
Q

Primary Function of the respiratory system

A

is to bring in oxygen into the body and to rid the body of carbon dioxide

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14
Q

Respiration

A

is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the cells of the body

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15
Q

Desaturation

A

In some individuals with pulmonary disease, the respiratory system may not keep up with demand and oxygen levels may fall during exercise.

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16
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath

17
Q

What are some of the things that can cause obstruction?

A
  • muscle spasm,
  • swelling or inflammation of the bronchial linings
  • accumulation of mucus or fluids
  • Pus arising from inflammation
  • inflections or immune reactions
18
Q

What are some of the things that can cause restriction

A
  • compression (lung prevented from expanding)
  • loss of lung structures (Collapsed lung (pneumothorax) or a lung surgically removed
  • loss of the capacity of the lung to expand (fibrosis in the lung can prevent expansion)
19
Q

pneumothorax

A

Collapsed lungs

20
Q

Blebs

A

small air blisters that develop on the top of the lung

21
Q

Restrictive lung disease

A

limits lung volume causing non-efficient gas transfer

22
Q

restrictive lung disorders

A
  • Pulmonary fibrosis
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Obesity
  • Scoliosis
  • Neuro impairments such as MD, ALS, Polio, and Myasthenia graves
23
Q

Obstructive Lung disorders

A
  • Chronic Bronchitis
  • Emphysema
  • Asthma
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • bronchiectasis
  • tuberculosis
24
Q

Chronic Bronchitis “blue bloater”

A

Involves inflammation of the large airways

25
Emphysema "pink puffer"
Lung disease involving damage to the air sacs
26
Symptoms of emphysema
Barrel Chest- A rounded, bulging chest with abnormal increase in the anteroposterior diameter. Dyspnea- Shortness of breath (SOB) Prolonged exhalation Pink complexion
27
Symptoms of COPD
Cough Shortness of breath Chest tightness fatigue
28
Tachypnea
Rapid breathing
29
FVC
Restrictive - Volume of air that a person can blow out as forcefully and completely as possible starting from one large breath
30
FEV1
Obstructive- volume of air delivered in the first second of the FVC maneuver
31
Hypoxia (Hypoxemia)
An absence of enough oxygen in the tissues to sustain bodily functions
32
Spirometer
an apparatus for measuring the volume of air inspired and expired
33
Granulomas associated with restrictive lung disorder
Small clumps of inflammatory cells
34
Hypercapnia
High levels of CO2
35
Atelectasis
Air sacs are damaged
36
Signs of COPD
``` Tachypena Wheezing or rales Barrel chest Use of accessory muscles Purses lip breathing Frequent respiratory infections ```
37
The basic process of respiration
1 ventilation 2 diffusion 3 transport 4 exchange