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DDE > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Pharynx

A

Cone-shaped passageway leading from the oral and nasal cavities in the head to larynx

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2
Q

Epiglottis

A

A flexible flap at the end of the larynx that acts as a switch between the larynx and the esophagus to permit air to enter the airway to the lungs

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3
Q

Alveoli

A

Air sacs

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4
Q

Trachea and bronchi

A

Air tubes large

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5
Q

Bronchioles

A

Small air tubes

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6
Q

Respiratory bronchioles

A

Very small air tubes

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7
Q

Larynx aka voice box

A

The portion of the respiratory (breathing) tract containing the vocal cords which produce sound

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8
Q

Trachea aka windpipe

A

A wide, hollow tube that connects the larynx (or voice box) to the bronchi of the lungs. It is an integral part of the body’s airway and has the vital function of providing air flow to and from the lungs for respiration.

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9
Q

Bronchi

A

Structurally similar to the trachea, the two primary bronchi are located inside the lungs. The bronchi become smaller the closer they get to the lung tissue and are then considered bronchioles

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10
Q

Pleura (pleurisy)

A

A double layered membrane covering the lungs.

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11
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Is fluid in the lungs

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12
Q

4 most common types of abnormal breath sounds

A

Rales (clicking bubbling, rattling of small airways), Rhonchi (sounds that resemble snoring in the large airways),
Stridor (loud, musical sound of constant pitch in the back of thought), and
Wheezing (high pitched sounds of opposing airways walls when narrowed)

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13
Q

Primary Function of the respiratory system

A

is to bring in oxygen into the body and to rid the body of carbon dioxide

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14
Q

Respiration

A

is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the cells of the body

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15
Q

Desaturation

A

In some individuals with pulmonary disease, the respiratory system may not keep up with demand and oxygen levels may fall during exercise.

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16
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath

17
Q

What are some of the things that can cause obstruction?

A
  • muscle spasm,
  • swelling or inflammation of the bronchial linings
  • accumulation of mucus or fluids
  • Pus arising from inflammation
  • inflections or immune reactions
18
Q

What are some of the things that can cause restriction

A
  • compression (lung prevented from expanding)
  • loss of lung structures (Collapsed lung (pneumothorax) or a lung surgically removed
  • loss of the capacity of the lung to expand (fibrosis in the lung can prevent expansion)
19
Q

pneumothorax

A

Collapsed lungs

20
Q

Blebs

A

small air blisters that develop on the top of the lung

21
Q

Restrictive lung disease

A

limits lung volume causing non-efficient gas transfer

22
Q

restrictive lung disorders

A
  • Pulmonary fibrosis
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Obesity
  • Scoliosis
  • Neuro impairments such as MD, ALS, Polio, and Myasthenia graves
23
Q

Obstructive Lung disorders

A
  • Chronic Bronchitis
  • Emphysema
  • Asthma
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • bronchiectasis
  • tuberculosis
24
Q

Chronic Bronchitis “blue bloater”

A

Involves inflammation of the large airways

25
Q

Emphysema “pink puffer”

A

Lung disease involving damage to the air sacs

26
Q

Symptoms of emphysema

A

Barrel Chest- A rounded, bulging chest with abnormal increase in the anteroposterior diameter.
Dyspnea- Shortness of breath (SOB)
Prolonged exhalation
Pink complexion

27
Q

Symptoms of COPD

A

Cough
Shortness of breath
Chest tightness
fatigue

28
Q

Tachypnea

A

Rapid breathing

29
Q

FVC

A

Restrictive - Volume of air that a person can blow out as forcefully and completely as possible starting from one large breath

30
Q

FEV1

A

Obstructive- volume of air delivered in the first second of the FVC maneuver

31
Q

Hypoxia (Hypoxemia)

A

An absence of enough oxygen in the tissues to sustain bodily functions

32
Q

Spirometer

A

an apparatus for measuring the volume of air inspired and expired

33
Q

Granulomas associated with restrictive lung disorder

A

Small clumps of inflammatory cells

34
Q

Hypercapnia

A

High levels of CO2

35
Q

Atelectasis

A

Air sacs are damaged

36
Q

Signs of COPD

A 
Tachypena
Wheezing or rales 
Barrel chest 
Use of accessory muscles
Purses lip breathing 
Frequent respiratory infections
37
Q

The basic process of respiration

A

1 ventilation
2 diffusion
3 transport
4 exchange

DDE (13 decks)

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