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DDE > Cancer > Flashcards

Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Cancer

A

Malignant neoplastic disease

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2
Q

Benign

A

Not malignant

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3
Q

Malignant

A

Tends to spread by invasion or systematically (metastases); threatens health or life

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4
Q

Tumor

A

A mass of new tissue that grows independent of its surrounding structure. A neoplasm

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5
Q

Metastases

A

Spread through blood, lymph, and other body fluid

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6
Q

Leukemia

A

Cancer of the blood characterized by a marked increase in the number of white blood cells

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7
Q

Resection

A

Surgical removal of all or part

Radical or en bloc=. Remove whole/entire

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8
Q

Unresectable

A

Surgery was performed as part of initial RX plan, but the malignant tumor was not removed

Tumor is incompletely resected or
Surgical margins are positive

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9
Q

Inoperable

A

Surgery is of no therapeutic value

Surgery cannot be performed

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10
Q

Neoadjuvant therapy

A

Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both, given before surgery in order to reduce the size of tumor

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11
Q

Adjuvant

A

Anticancer therapy, such as chemotherapy or radiation, given after surgery to eliminate cancer cell and lessen the chances of recurrence

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12
Q

Multimodal therapy

A

Combination of at least 2 tx modalities
Planned and in close proximity to one another
Examples are surgery, radiation, and/or systemic drug therapy

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13
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

A malignant neoplasm that has microscopic cellular arrangement and structure similar to that normally seen in glandular tissue

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14
Q

Adjacent lesions

A

Neighboring or bordering neoplasms that are not physically connected (breaks off)

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15
Q

Aggressive

A

Growing, developing or spreading rapidly (grading)

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16
Q

Angiogram

A

An x-ray diagnostic procedure that fills the blood vessels with x-ray opaque materials in order to photograph abnormalities

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17
Q

Angiosarcoma

A

A neoplasm made up of tissue resembling embryonic connective tissue, with close packed cells embedded in fibrilar or homogeneous substance and containing an extensive network of fine blood vessels; often highly malignant

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18
Q

Astrocytoma

A

A primary tumor of the brain composed of star-shaped cells known as astrocytes.

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19
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

An epithelial neoplasm microscopically similar to cells of the deep layers of the skin, which seldom metastasize but have potential for local invasion and extension

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20
Q

Biopsy

A

The removal of tissue or other material from the body for purposes of diagnosis

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21
Q

Cachexia

A

The weak and emaciated condition observed in cases of advanced malignancy and in other severe diseases

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22
Q

Carcinogen

A

An agent capable of producing a tumor

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23
Q

Carcinoma

A

Cancer arising from the parenchymal cells of an organ, the skin, or the mucous membrane

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24
Q

Cervix

A

The lower portion of the uterus opening into the vagina

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25
Q

Chemotherapy

A

A form of cancer treatment which uses drugs to destroy malignant cells

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26
Q

Choriocarcinoma

A

An epithelial neoplasm formed by malignant proliferation of the chorionic villi and including chorioadenoma, choriosarcoma, and syncytioma

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27
Q

Diffuse involvement

A

Widely distributed throughout the body and involving multiple organs (wide spread)

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28
Q

Distant metastases

A

Neoplastic spread beyond the regional lymph nodes

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29
Q

Ewing’s carcinoma (tumor)

A

A type of malignant neoplasm arising in bone

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30
Q

Excise

A

To cut out, remove by surgery

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31
Q

Extension

A

The spread of a neoplasm through one tissue or part to or into another adjacent to it (other sites but not metastasis)

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32
Q

Glioblastoma multiforme

A

An astrocytoma of grade lll and lV that is rapidly growing and usually confined to the cerebral hemisphere

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33
Q

Grading

A

A method used in determining the aggressiveness of a tumor based on a determination of the number of dividing cancer cells

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34
Q

Gross tissue examination

A

Nonmicroscopic examination of tissues, describing physical characteristic of size, shape, texture, color, weight, and variation from portion to portion of the specimen and variation from the area from which the specimen was taken

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35
Q

Hemoptysis

A

The expectoration of blood or of blood-stained sputum

36
Q

Hilar

A

Pertaining to the hilum of the thoracic cavity

37
Q

Hodgkin disease

A

A malignant neoplastic disease of the lymph nodes and nonnodal lymphatic tissue

38
Q

Hormone-dependent tumors

A

Neoplasms that develop and grow only in the presence of specific hormones. Suppression or removal of the hormone causes neoplastic regression

39
Q

Immunotherapy

A

Biological therapy

40
Q

Indolent

A

Tending to grow and spread slowly

41
Q

In situ

A

In the natural or normal place; confined to the site of origin without invasion of neighboring tissues

42
Q

Incomplete excision

A

The partial surgical removal of a tissue, structure, or organ

43
Q

Invasion

A

In terms of neoplasm, the direct growth or extension of a neoplasm from one organ or structure into another adjacent organ or structure (same as extension)

44
Q

Islet Cell Carcinoma

A

Neoplasm of the pancreas evolving from the irregular clusters of cells (islets of Langerhans) which secrete insulin

45
Q

Local (or regional) recurrence

A

The development of another neoplastic growth of the same type as that previously removed or resolved, and located within the same organ, structure, or lymph drainage channels common to the organ, structure, or region as the previous neoplasm

46
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Nodule-like organs appearing at intervals along the lymphatic vessels, which filter cellular debris, bacteria, and other particles

47
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Large lymph nodes

48
Q

Lymphatic System

A

The accessory circulatory system serving to return fluids, cellular wastes, and unused nutrients from the tissue spaces back to the blood circulatory

49
Q

Lymphedema

A

Swelling of the subcutaneous tissues due to presence of excessive lymph fluid

50
Q

Lymphoma

A

Cancer arising from lymphatic tissue

51
Q

Malignant neoplasm

A

Any new or abnormal growth of tissue, that is progressive and uncontrolled. Such neoplasms have the properties of invading and infiltrating adjacent structures or organs and of metastasis

52
Q

Mediastinum

A

That body area bounded on the sides by the lungs, in the front by the sternum, behind by the spinal column, above by the thoracic inlet, and below by the diaphragm.

53
Q

Melanoma

A

Cancer made up of melanin producing cells

54
Q

Mesothelioma

A

A cancer arising from the squamous-celled layer of the epithelium that covers the surface of the serous membranes in the chest (lining of center cavity)

55
Q

Microscopic examination

A

Review of microscopic slide prepared from a section of a surgical specimen to study the morphological appearance of cells

56
Q

Multiple myeloma

A

Cancer that usually arises in the bone marrow, manifested by abnormal bone pain, circulating immunoglobulins, proteinuria, anemia, and pathological fractures

57
Q

Myelogenous leukemia

A

Pertaining to the myeloid cell line (white cells)

58
Q

Neoplasm

A

New formation of cells or tissue

59
Q

Neuroblastoma

A

Occur in infants and children

A malignant neoplasm characterized by immature, only slightly differentiated nerve cells of embryonic type

60
Q

Neutropenia

A

A decrease in the number of white blood cells

61
Q

Oat cell (small cell) Carcinoma

A

An anaplastic, small-felled Carcinoma, usually bronchogenic and highly aggressive

62
Q

Occult malignancy

A

A tumor that is concealed from observation and discovery

63
Q

Osteogenic sarcoma

A

A primary malignant bone tumor composed of immature connective tissue, bone cells, and/or cartilage cells

64
Q

Palliative

A

Affording symptomatic relief but not altering the course of the disorder

65
Q

Peritoneum

A

The serous membrane covering the abdominal and pelvic walls and all of the organs

66
Q

Persistent

A

Failure to achieve a complete remission. (May get better but it comes back)

67
Q

Pleura

A

The serous membrane that forms a continuous lining of the lungs and thoracic cavity

68
Q

Primary malignancy

A

The principal malignancy; first to develop

69
Q

primary site

A

Original site of development of neoplasm

70
Q

Progressive

A

The malignancy became more aggressive after/despite treatment

71
Q

Radiation therapy

A

Treatment by X-ray or other radioactive substance, such as radium radioactive gold, cobalt. Definition of the specific type of irradiation is determined by the nature of the neoplasm

72
Q

Radical resection

A

Surgical procedure intended to remove in one mass all of the regional tissue, muscle, and lymphatics that could potentially harbor metastatic or infiltrated malignancy

73
Q

Radiotherapy

A

Treatment of cancer through radiation

74
Q

Recurrence

A

Return of a neoplasm after it was in remission

75
Q

Regional lymph nodes

A

Lymph nodes that serve as a filter system for a particular region

76
Q

Regional metastasis

A

Neoplastic spread into the regional lymph nodes

77
Q

Retinoblastoma

A

A malignant solid tumor of the eye (results in removal of the eye)

78
Q

Sarcoma

A

Cancer arising from connective tissue or bone (not marrow)

79
Q

Satellite lesions (neoplastic)

A

Small neoplasms located adjacent to the primary neoplasm. Their appearance indicates that the neoplasm has begun to metastasize

80
Q

Soft parts

A

All tissues of the body, excluding bones, teeth, and nails

81
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

A malignant neoplasm arising from tissues that form the external and internal covering of the surfaces of the body

82
Q

Staging

A

Refers to size and extent of spread of the cancer

83
Q

Thyroid

A

A shield shaped gland that is attached to and envelopes the front and sides of the trachea below the larynx, which produces the hormone thyroxine

84
Q

Undifferentiated Carcinoma

A

Cancer has lost most of the characteristics of the cells of origin

85
Q

Well differentiated

A

Cancer has maintained enough characteristics of the cell of origin to be able to identify the organ or part of the body from which the cancer arose

DDE (13 decks)

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