Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Abduction
Movement away from the median line of body
Addiction
Movement toward the median line of body
Ankylosis
Abnormal union of two bones at a joint
Arthrodesis
Surgical fixation of joint
Arthropathy
Name given to any type of joint disease
Atrophy
Wasting away of tissue or cells
Contracture
A condition of fixed high resistance to passive stretch of muscles
Effusions
The escape of fluid into a part or tissue
Erosion
Small defects in the margins of the bones near articulating surfaces caused by the rubbing of bones together
Extension
The straightening of a part of the body at a joint
Flexión
The bending of a part of the body at the joint
Lipping
The development of a bony structure
Osteoporosis
A decrease in tissue mass in the bone or the formation of cavities in the bone
Osteophyte
A bony outgrowth
Subluxation
An incomplete or partial dislocation of a joint
Closed reduction
Manipulative correction of a fracture without incision
Comminuted fracture
One in which the bone has been broken into small fragments at the fracture site
Compound fracture
One in which there is an external wound leading to the fracture site (open fracture)
Ineffective ambulation
An extreme limitation in the ability to walk
Hemipelvectomy
Amputation through the sacroiliac joint
Hip disarticulation
Amputation through the hip joint
Ischemia
deficiency of blood in part of the body
Nonunion
Failure of the ends of a fractured bone to unite
Open reduction
Correction of a fracture after incision into fracture site
Prosthesis
Artificial limb or appliance
Simple fracture
One in which there is no open wound leading to the site of the fracture (closed fracture)
Continuing surgical management
Surgical procedures and any other associated treatments related to the efforts directed toward the salvage or restoration of functional use of the affected part
Tarsal Region
Instep; the area of the tarsal bones in the foot
Bones
Shaping and supporting the body, protecting vital organs; aiding in various other body functions (e.g.; hearing)
Joints
Provide for movement
Ligaments
Bind the skeletal parts together; support some internal body organs
Cartilage
Mold and shape body structure; mold the movable joints; absorb pressure in the spine (intervertebral discs)
Muscles
Provide shape for the body; contract and relax in executing body movement
Tendons
Attach muscles to the skeleton; attach muscles to each other
Ankylosing spondylitis
Inflammation of the vertebrae resulting in fixation; also called Marie Strumpell Disease
Annulus
Fibrous ring that encircles the Becker’s pulposus
Apophyseal
Pertaining to bony outgrowth
Calcification
Hardening of tissue by deposition of calcium salts within its substance
Compression fracture
A fracture in which the bone collapses, especially in short bones such as vertebrae
Conservative treatment
Nonoperative treatment; i.e.; bed rest, traction, analgesics, braces, exercise; etc
Discectomy
Surgical removal of the intervertebral disc.
Electromyography
A test designed to reveal abnormalities of muscles
Intervertebral disc
Layer of fibrocartilage between the bodies of vertebrae; composed of an annulus and a nucleus pulposus
Kyphosis
Outward curvature of the thoracic spine (hunchback)
Laminectomy
Surgical removal of the lamina
Lordosis
Inward curvature of lower spine
Myelography
X-ray of the spine obtained after the injection of a contrast medium into the spine
Nucleus pulposus
Semifluid mass of fiber that forms the central portion of an intervertebral disc
Osteoporosis
Rarefraction, of thinning bone
Scoliosis
Lateral deviation (curvature) of the spine
Spinal fusion
Surgical ankylosis (arthrodesis) of two or more vertebrae
Spondylosis
Ankylosis of a vertebral joint
Disarticulation
Amputation involving the removal of a limb at a joint
Ischemia
Deficiency of blood in a part of the body
Prosthesis
Artificial limb or appliance
