Immune System

Question 1

Connective tissue Disease

Answer 1

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Systemic vasculitis
Systemic sclerosis and Scleroderma 
Polymyositis and dermatomyositis
Undifferentiated Connective Tissue disorders

Question 2

Immunoglobulin deficiency syndrome

Answer 2

Inherited or acquired
Decreased amount of one or more of the immunoglobulins
Impair body’s ability to combat infections
Growth retardation, chronic lung disease
Tumors, thymine dysplastic syndromes

Question 3

Lymphatic System

Answer 3

Spleen, thymus, tonsils, adenoids, and bone marrow

Question 4

Constitutional signs and symptoms

Answer 4

Severe fatigue (>=1 mo)
Fever (100.4 degrees >=1 mo)
Malaise (>=1 mo)
Involuntary weight loss (at least 10%)

Question 5

Disseminated

Answer 5

Condition is spread over a considerable area

Question 6

Dysfunction

Answer 6

One or more body regulatory mechanisms are impaired, causing an excess or deficiency of immunocompetent cells or their products

Question 7

Extra-articular

Answer 7

“Other than the joints” (i.e. organ such as the heart, lungs, kidneys or skin”

Question 8

Persistent

Answer 8

A sign or symptom has continued over time.

Question 9

Recurrent

Answer 9

A condition that previously responded adequately to an appropriate course of treatment returns after a period of remission or regression

Question 10

Hospitalization

Answer 10

Inpatient stay must have at least lasted 48 hours (including time in ER prior to admission)
Must be at least 30 days apart and
Must be within the 12 month period for adjudication

Question 11

“Repeated” manifestations means

Answer 11

Average of (3X/yr or 1x/4mo’s), each episode lasting at least 2 weeks or

Substantially more frequently than (3X/yr or 1x/4mo’s), each episode lasting less then 2 weeks or

Less frequently than (3X/yr or 1x/4mo’s), but each episode lasting substantially longer then 2 weeks

Question 12

Major Peripheral Joints

Answer 12

Hip, knee, shoulder, elbow, wrist-hand, and ankle-foot

Question 13

Inability to ambulate effectively

Answer 13

Inability to walk without the use of walker, two crutches, or two canes, the inability to walk a block at a reasonable pace on rough or uneven surfaces, the inability to use standard public transportation, and the inability to carry out routine ambulatory activities.

Question 14

Inability to perform fine and gross movements effectively

Answer 14

Inability to prepare a simple meal and feed oneself, sort and hand papers or files, and inability to place files in a file cabinet at or above waist level

Question 15

Resistant to treatment

Answer 15

Did the tx but no response

Question 16

Severe impairment

Answer 16

Severe disease are non-contagious diseases whose physical and social symptoms can have a severe impact on sufferers’ abilities to lead a normal everyday lives

Question 17

Marked impairment

Answer 17

Several activities or functions are impaired, or when only one function is impaired to a degree of limitations that seriously interferes with the ability to function independently, appropriately and effectively

Question 18

Marked

Answer 18

ADL’s work related functions that deals with household and/or social limitations
And completing tasks in a timely manner due to ability to sustain

Question 19

Moderate impairment (organ function)

Answer 19

More than a minimal limitation in organ function and an obvious presence of the impairment affecting the claimant, causing some limitations but not to a marked level

Question 20

Phagocyte

Answer 20

A cell that is able to ingest and destroy foreign matter, including bacteria

Question 21

Extracellular fluid

Answer 21

AKA Tissue fluid is the fluid that flows between cells, but is not in the cells

Question 22

Lymph fluid

Answer 22

Is the little bit of fluid that is left after the diffusion process

Question 23

Lymph nodes

Answer 23

Small bean-shaped structures that filter lymph and store white blood cells that help fight infection and disease

Question 24

Systemic Lupus Erthematosus

Answer 24

Inflammatory tissue disease, widespread breakdown of the tissues of the small blood vessels and capillaries blood.

Most common symptoms beside the constitutional symptoms are joint pain, swelling (especially fingers, hands, wrists and knees), butterfly rash, and sensitivity to sunlight

Question 25

Discoid Lupus

Answer 25

A chronic inflammatory condition that is limited to the skin and is caused by an autoimmune disease

Question 26

Systemic vasculitis

Answer 26

Inflammation of blood vessels. Symptoms can include constitutional symptoms and loss of appetite, night sweats, general aches, nerve problems (numbness/weakness), arterial inflammation, aneurysms, and purpura of skin

Hallmarks is it primarily effects oxygen carrying arteries and usually attacks aorta the most

Question 27

Scleroderma (Systemic sclerosis)

Answer 27

The hardening and thickening of the skin (tissue) called fibrosis and skin and organs can be involved.
Most common: Raynaud’s phenomenon

Question 28

Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis (dusky red rash)

Answer 28

AKA idiopathic inflammatory myopathy is a disease of the muscle fibers causing striated muscle tissue inflammation and weakness
In trunk area

Question 29

Undifferentiated or mixed connective tissue disorder (UCTD)

Answer 29

Individual has a combination of symptoms from several different autoimmune disease but does not meet the dx criteria for any particular disorder

Question 30

Immune deficiency disorder, excluding HIV

Answer 30

Frequent infections with constitutional symptoms

Seen mainly in children

Question 31

Inflammatory arthritis

Answer 31

Boils down to inability to ambulate effectively or the inability to perform fine and gross movements effectively
Hallmarks: immune, inflammation and affects organs. Is usually symmetric

Question 32

Sjogren’s Syndrome

Answer 32

Immune mediated disorder of the exocrine glands
Symptoms of dry eyes, dry mouth, persistent dry cough, difficulty swallowing, inability to speak, corneal damage, blepharitis, dental caries, and the constitutional symptoms
Hallmarks: dry mouth and dry eyes and we use the salivary gland biopsy or Schirmer’s test

Question 33

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids)

Answer 33

Flu-like virus that is spread through
Symptoms beside the constitutional ones include: night sweats, diarrhea, dyspnea on exertion, persistent cough, lymphadenopathy, oral thrush, oral hairy leukoplakia, skin rash/lesions, repeated respiratory infections, depression,

Look for RNA “viral load”

Question 34

Limited sclerosis AKA crest i

Answer 34

Progresses slowly

C-calcinosis
R- Raynaud’s phenomenon 
E- esophageal dysfunction 
S- sclerodactyly
T- telangiectasias