Immune System Flashcards
Connective tissue Disease
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Systemic vasculitis Systemic sclerosis and Scleroderma Polymyositis and dermatomyositis Undifferentiated Connective Tissue disorders
Immunoglobulin deficiency syndrome
Inherited or acquired
Decreased amount of one or more of the immunoglobulins
Impair body’s ability to combat infections
Growth retardation, chronic lung disease
Tumors, thymine dysplastic syndromes
Lymphatic System
Spleen, thymus, tonsils, adenoids, and bone marrow
Constitutional signs and symptoms
Severe fatigue (>=1 mo)
Fever (100.4 degrees >=1 mo)
Malaise (>=1 mo)
Involuntary weight loss (at least 10%)
Disseminated
Condition is spread over a considerable area
Dysfunction
One or more body regulatory mechanisms are impaired, causing an excess or deficiency of immunocompetent cells or their products
Extra-articular
“Other than the joints” (i.e. organ such as the heart, lungs, kidneys or skin”
Persistent
A sign or symptom has continued over time.
Recurrent
A condition that previously responded adequately to an appropriate course of treatment returns after a period of remission or regression
Hospitalization
Inpatient stay must have at least lasted 48 hours (including time in ER prior to admission)
Must be at least 30 days apart and
Must be within the 12 month period for adjudication
“Repeated” manifestations means
Average of (3X/yr or 1x/4mo’s), each episode lasting at least 2 weeks or
Substantially more frequently than (3X/yr or 1x/4mo’s), each episode lasting less then 2 weeks or
Less frequently than (3X/yr or 1x/4mo’s), but each episode lasting substantially longer then 2 weeks
Major Peripheral Joints
Hip, knee, shoulder, elbow, wrist-hand, and ankle-foot
Inability to ambulate effectively
Inability to walk without the use of walker, two crutches, or two canes, the inability to walk a block at a reasonable pace on rough or uneven surfaces, the inability to use standard public transportation, and the inability to carry out routine ambulatory activities.
Inability to perform fine and gross movements effectively
Inability to prepare a simple meal and feed oneself, sort and hand papers or files, and inability to place files in a file cabinet at or above waist level
Resistant to treatment
Did the tx but no response
Severe impairment
Severe disease are non-contagious diseases whose physical and social symptoms can have a severe impact on sufferers’ abilities to lead a normal everyday lives
Marked impairment
Several activities or functions are impaired, or when only one function is impaired to a degree of limitations that seriously interferes with the ability to function independently, appropriately and effectively
Marked
ADL’s work related functions that deals with household and/or social limitations
And completing tasks in a timely manner due to ability to sustain
Moderate impairment (organ function)
More than a minimal limitation in organ function and an obvious presence of the impairment affecting the claimant, causing some limitations but not to a marked level
Phagocyte
A cell that is able to ingest and destroy foreign matter, including bacteria
Extracellular fluid
AKA Tissue fluid is the fluid that flows between cells, but is not in the cells
Lymph fluid
Is the little bit of fluid that is left after the diffusion process
Lymph nodes
Small bean-shaped structures that filter lymph and store white blood cells that help fight infection and disease
Systemic Lupus Erthematosus
Inflammatory tissue disease, widespread breakdown of the tissues of the small blood vessels and capillaries blood.
Most common symptoms beside the constitutional symptoms are joint pain, swelling (especially fingers, hands, wrists and knees), butterfly rash, and sensitivity to sunlight
Discoid Lupus
A chronic inflammatory condition that is limited to the skin and is caused by an autoimmune disease
Systemic vasculitis
Inflammation of blood vessels. Symptoms can include constitutional symptoms and loss of appetite, night sweats, general aches, nerve problems (numbness/weakness), arterial inflammation, aneurysms, and purpura of skin
Hallmarks is it primarily effects oxygen carrying arteries and usually attacks aorta the most
Scleroderma (Systemic sclerosis)
The hardening and thickening of the skin (tissue) called fibrosis and skin and organs can be involved.
Most common: Raynaud’s phenomenon
Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis (dusky red rash)
AKA idiopathic inflammatory myopathy is a disease of the muscle fibers causing striated muscle tissue inflammation and weakness
In trunk area
Undifferentiated or mixed connective tissue disorder (UCTD)
Individual has a combination of symptoms from several different autoimmune disease but does not meet the dx criteria for any particular disorder
Immune deficiency disorder, excluding HIV
Frequent infections with constitutional symptoms
Seen mainly in children
Inflammatory arthritis
Boils down to inability to ambulate effectively or the inability to perform fine and gross movements effectively
Hallmarks: immune, inflammation and affects organs. Is usually symmetric
Sjogren’s Syndrome
Immune mediated disorder of the exocrine glands
Symptoms of dry eyes, dry mouth, persistent dry cough, difficulty swallowing, inability to speak, corneal damage, blepharitis, dental caries, and the constitutional symptoms
Hallmarks: dry mouth and dry eyes and we use the salivary gland biopsy or Schirmer’s test
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids)
Flu-like virus that is spread through
Symptoms beside the constitutional ones include: night sweats, diarrhea, dyspnea on exertion, persistent cough, lymphadenopathy, oral thrush, oral hairy leukoplakia, skin rash/lesions, repeated respiratory infections, depression,
Look for RNA “viral load”
Limited sclerosis AKA crest i
Progresses slowly
C-calcinosis R- Raynaud’s phenomenon E- esophageal dysfunction S- sclerodactyly T- telangiectasias
