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Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Heart muscle

A

Pumps the blood through the heart and out to the other parts of the body

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2
Q

Valves

A

Allow blood to flow in only 1 direction and at a controlled flow

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3
Q

Arteries

A

Feed oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself and carry it away from the heart

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4
Q

Veins

A

Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the rest of the body

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5
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to lungs

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6
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

Carries oxygenated blood to the heart to the left atrium

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7
Q

Conduction system

A

Controls the heart function by causing electrical impulses that make the heart contract and then relax

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8
Q

Main coronary arteries

A

Left Main Coronary Artery (LM)
Right Coronary Artery (RCA)
Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery (LAD)
Left Circumflex Coronary Artery (LCX)

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9
Q

The four main valves of the heart

A

Pulmonary Valve
Tricuspid Valve
Mitral Valve
Aortic Valve

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10
Q

How does the blood flow through the heart?

A

The heart is divided into the right and left sides. Each side has 2 chambers: the atrium and ventricle

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11
Q

How does the conduction system work?

A

The heart contracts automatically in a very coordinated way. Special cells located in the atrium set off the electric current needed to cause the atrium to contract.

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12
Q

Pacemaker

A

The natural pacemaker is the SA node.
Artificial pacemaker is a device which stimulates the ventricular contraction by means of electrical impulses at a preset rate.

Used when heart beats to slow

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13
Q

What is a cardiovascular impairment

A

Any disorder that affects the proper functioning of the heart or the circulatory system

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14
Q

Chronic heart failure

A

The inability of the heart to pump blood to body.

Is congestive heart failure

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15
Q

Coronary Artery disease

A

Hardening of the arteries characterized by thickening and loss of elasticity

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16
Q

Arrhythmias

A

Blockage in the tubs

Obstruction of flow (CAD) or disturbance in rhythm or conduction (arrhythmia) resulting in inadequate cardiac output

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17
Q

Defibrillator (ICD)

A

Heart beats too fast and could cause sudden cardiac arrest. They will never have a treadmill test

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18
Q

Central cyanosis

A

Congenital heart disease. due to right-to-left shunt (VSD). Hole between the two ventricle; less oxygenated blood.

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19
Q

Persisten

A

a continuous period of at least 12 months

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20
Q

Revascularization

A

Surgery to restore perfusion: Achieved by unblocking obstructed or disrupted blood vessels. (Angioplasty that is with or without stent placement (PTCA), or by surgically implanting replacement arteries (CABG)

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21
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Fatty build up in the wall of the arteries

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22
Q

Ischemia

A

Decreased blood to heart muscle (myocardium)

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23
Q

Angina

A

Symptom of ischemia. It is chest pain.

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24
Q

Angina Pectoris

A

Chest pain associated with myocardial ischemic, discomfort that is precipitated by effort or emotion and lasts a few seconds to a few minutes. Relieved by rest, or nitroglycerin. Described as pressing, crushing, squeezing, burning, aching, or oppressive

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25
Silent ischemia
No symptoms
26
Atypical angina
Places other than the chest
27
Anginas Equivalent
Shortness of breath (dyspnea) on exertion without chest pain (4.04 substitute)
28
Variant Angina
Severe spasm of a coronary artery causing ischemia of the heart wall
29
Myocardial infarction
Damage to the heart muscle, most heart attacks happen when a clot in the coronary artery blocks the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart
30
Women and Heart Attacks
Without chest pressure but may have SOB, pressure or pain in the lower chest or upper abdomen, dizziness, lightheadedness or fainting, upper back pressure, or extreme fatigue
31
Ischemic Heart Disease
Narrowed, obstructed, or constricted blood flow to the heart muscle which may result in embolus, thrombus, or myocardial infarction
32
Blood Clot
Platelets, proteins and plasma work together to stop bleeding at the site of an injury. These can form in veins (DVT is a type) and arteries.
33
Embolism
is a block in an artery caused by blood clots or other substances -- plaque, tumor, infected tissue
34
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
blood clot that occurs most often in the lower leg in a vein deep in the body.
35
Thrombophlebitis
If vein swells due to the clot
36
Congestive Heart Failure
Heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's need. There is acute and chronic.
37
Brawny edema
Swelling that is usually dense and feels firm due to the presence of increased connective tissue. Skin pigmentation changes is normal. This does not pit. Thickening, induration, lip sclerosis and non pitting edema
38
Lymphedema
an edema of the extremities due to a disorder of the lymphatic circulation. Called elephantiasis. Can not meet 4.11 but can equal the severity of that listing.
39
What is peripheral vascular disease?
Any impairment that affects either the arteries (peripheral arterial disease) or the veins (venous insufficiency) in the extremities, particularly the lower extremities.
40
What causes peripheral vascular disease?
Blockage of the flow of blood either from the heart (arterial) or back to the heart (venous).
41
What are doppler studies and why do we need them?
Arterial doppler studies are resting and exercise testing that assess the systolic blood flow in the extremities. We need them to evaluate the adequacies of the blood flow in the LEs, to test the flow of blood through the peripheral blood vessels, to detect/evaluate the severity of the peripheral arterial insufficiency due to narrowing or occlusion of major artery, it can detect thrombosis and arteriosclerosis.
42
Cardiomyopathy
A disease of the heart muscle where the muscle loses the ability to pump
43
What cardiovascular dysfunction can result in functional impairment?
1 Chronic heart failure 2 Coronary Artery disease 3 arrythmias 4 central cyanosis
44
Occlusion
Blockage of vessel
45
Angioplasty
Surgical repair or unblocking of a blood vessel, especially a coronary artery
46
Perfusion
Passage of fluid through the circulatory system
47
Endarterectomy
Surgery to remove plaque buildup
48
Carotid angioplasty
Stent placement
49
Aneurysms
Balloon-like sac formed by the dilation of the wall of an artery
50
Aortic insufficiency
Damage to heart where blood pools and heart doesn’t get fed
51
Arteriosclerosis
Harding of arteries
52
Bifurcation
Splitting of an artery
53
Bradycardia
Slow heart rate
54
Syncope
Weakness and dizziness or fainting
55
Carotid arteries
Principal arteries which supply blood to the brain (In neck)
56
Diastole
Relaxation of heart
57
Dyspnea
SOB
58
Endocarditis
Swelling of inner lining of heart
59
Epicarditis
Swelling of outer lining of heart
60
Hypertensive cardiovascular disease (HCVD)
A disease manifested by arterial hypertension
61
Hypertrophy
Thickening of organs
62
Intermittent claudication
A symptom of arterial occlusive disease in the legs. Pain when walking or exercising and relief by resting
63
Orthopnea
SOB that occurs when lying down
64
When do we wait to purchase exercise tests?
Acute MI Bypass surgery Deconditioning New regimen of therapy

DDE (13 decks)

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