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anatomy > Special Senses > Flashcards

Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 special senses?

A
  • smell
  • taste
  • hearing
  • vision
  • balance
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2
Q

What makes the 5 senses special?

A

Only the cranial nerves can carry them

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3
Q

What is another word for taste?

A

Gustation

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4
Q

What type of receptor is taste?

A

chemoreceptor

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5
Q

What is the name of the taste receptor?

A

Gustatory epithelial cells

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6
Q

What is the location of the taste receptors?

A

Taste buds

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7
Q

What cranial nerves carry the taste receptor? (2)

A
  • Facial (VII)
  • Glossopharyngeal (IX)
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8
Q

What brain region is the taste sense located in?

A

Insula region

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9
Q

What is another name for smell?

A

Olfaction

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10
Q

What type of receptor is smell?

A

Chemoreceptor

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11
Q

What is the name of the receptor for smell?

A

Olfactory sensory neuron

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12
Q

What is the location of the smell receptor?

A

Mucosa of nasal cavity

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13
Q

What cranial nerve carries the smell sense?

A

Olfactory (I)

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14
Q

What brain region is the smell sense located in?

A

Cerebrum

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15
Q

What type of receptor is hearing?

A

mechanoreceptor

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16
Q

What is the name of the receptor for hearing?

A

Spiral organ/organ of corti

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17
Q

Where is the hearing receptor located?

A

cochlear duct

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18
Q

What cranial nerve carries the hearing receptor?

A

Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

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19
Q

What brain region is the hearing receptor located in?

A

Auditory cortex

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20
Q

What is another word for balance?

A

Vestibular Apparatus

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21
Q

What type of receptor is the balance sense?

A

mechanoreceptor

22
Q

What is the name of the balance receptor?

A

Hair cells

23
Q

What are the 3 location of the balance recepor?

A

Linear Vertical –> Saccule

Linear Horizontal –> Utricle

Rotation –> Semicircular duct

24
Q

What cranial nerve carries the balance receptor?

A

Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

25
Q

What brain region is the balance receptor located in?

A

Brain stem

26
Q

What type of receptor is the vision sense?

A

Photoreceptor

27
Q

What is the name of the vision sense receptors (2)

A
  • Rods (see black and white)
  • Cones (see color)
28
Q

What is the location of the vision receptors?

A

Retina

29
Q

What cranial nerve carries the vision receptor?

A

Optic (II)

30
Q

What brain region is the vision located in?

A

Visual cortex of occipital

31
Q

What are the 3 structures of receptors?

A
  • Receptors
  • Sensory neurons
  • Pathway to CNS
32
Q

What are receptors?

A

Structures that detect stimuli

33
Q

What were the 3 highlighted types of receptors?

A
  • photoreceptors: detects light
  • chemoreceptors: detects chemicals
  • mechanoreceptors: detects mechanical movement
34
Q

What is a general sense?

A

Touch sense of the skin

35
Q

Which body parts have the highest touch receptor density? (2)

A
  • lips
  • finger tips
36
Q

What are the 5 basic qualities of taste?

A
  1. sweet
  2. sour
  3. salty
  4. bitter
  5. umami -> elicited by glutamate
37
Q

What does parasympathetic and sympathetic do in terms of the pupil?

A

parasympathetic: constricts pupil

sympathetic: dilates pupil

38
Q

What is the fluid in front of the lens?

A

aqueous humor/anterior segment

39
Q

What is the fluid in the back of the lens?

A

vitreous humor/posterior segment

40
Q

What is another name of the internal ear?

A

Labyrinth

41
Q

What does the bony labyrinth consist of? (3)

A
  • Cochlea
  • vestibule
  • semicircular canals
42
Q

What does the membranous labyrinth consist of? (4)

A
  • cochlear duct
  • utricle and saccule
  • semicircular ducts
43
Q

What fluid is in the membranous labyrinth?

A

Endolymph that is rich in potassium

44
Q

What fluid is in the bony labyrinth?

A

Perilymph

45
Q

What is the cochlea?

A

Spiraling chamber in the bony labyrinth

46
Q

What is the central part of the bony labyrinth?

A

vestibule

47
Q

What is the cochlear duct?

A

Membranous labyrinth inside the cochlea that contains mechanoreceptors for hearing called spiral organ/organ of corti

48
Q

What are the role of the cochlea in hearing? (5)

A
  1. Sound waves vibrate tympanic membrane
  2. Auditory ossicles vibrate. Pressure is amplified.
  3. Pressure waves created by the stapes leave the oval window and enters the scala vestibuli
    4a. Low sounds traveling thru the helicot rema doesn’t excite hair cells
    4b. Loud sounds in the hearing range go thru the cochlear duct. Virates basilar membrane and deflects on inner hair cells.
49
Q

What are the 3 layers of the eye?

A
  1. fibrous layer
  2. Vascular layer
  3. Neural/retina layer
50
Q

What 2 things are apart of the fibrous layer?

A
  1. sclera: white opaque region of eye
  2. cornea: front of the eye
51
Q

What 4 things make up the vascular layer?

A
  1. iris: visible colored part of eye
  2. pupil: round, central opening
  3. ciliary body: composed of ciliary muscle
  4. choroid: vascular, darkly pigmented membrane
52
Q

What 4 things are composed of the neural/retina layer?

A
  1. pigmented layer: single layer of melanocytes
  2. photoreceptor cells: rods and cones
  3. bipolar cells: processes signals from photoreceptors to ganglion
  4. ganglion cells: axons of ganglion cells go to optic nerve

anatomy (18 decks)

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