Special Senses Flashcards
What are the 5 special senses?
- smell
- taste
- hearing
- vision
- balance
What makes the 5 senses special?
Only the cranial nerves can carry them
What is another word for taste?
Gustation
What type of receptor is taste?
chemoreceptor
What is the name of the taste receptor?
Gustatory epithelial cells
What is the location of the taste receptors?
Taste buds
What cranial nerves carry the taste receptor? (2)
- Facial (VII)
- Glossopharyngeal (IX)
What brain region is the taste sense located in?
Insula region
What is another name for smell?
Olfaction
What type of receptor is smell?
Chemoreceptor
What is the name of the receptor for smell?
Olfactory sensory neuron
What is the location of the smell receptor?
Mucosa of nasal cavity
What cranial nerve carries the smell sense?
Olfactory (I)
What brain region is the smell sense located in?
Cerebrum
What type of receptor is hearing?
mechanoreceptor
What is the name of the receptor for hearing?
Spiral organ/organ of corti
Where is the hearing receptor located?
cochlear duct
What cranial nerve carries the hearing receptor?
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
What brain region is the hearing receptor located in?
Auditory cortex
What is another word for balance?
Vestibular Apparatus
What type of receptor is the balance sense?
mechanoreceptor
What is the name of the balance receptor?
Hair cells
What are the 3 location of the balance recepor?
Linear Vertical –> Saccule
Linear Horizontal –> Utricle
Rotation –> Semicircular duct
What cranial nerve carries the balance receptor?
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
What brain region is the balance receptor located in?
Brain stem
What type of receptor is the vision sense?
Photoreceptor
What is the name of the vision sense receptors (2)
- Rods (see black and white)
- Cones (see color)
What is the location of the vision receptors?
Retina
What cranial nerve carries the vision receptor?
Optic (II)
What brain region is the vision located in?
Visual cortex of occipital
What are the 3 structures of receptors?
- Receptors
- Sensory neurons
- Pathway to CNS
What are receptors?
Structures that detect stimuli
What were the 3 highlighted types of receptors?
- photoreceptors: detects light
- chemoreceptors: detects chemicals
- mechanoreceptors: detects mechanical movement
What is a general sense?
Touch sense of the skin
Which body parts have the highest touch receptor density? (2)
- lips
- finger tips
What are the 5 basic qualities of taste?
- sweet
- sour
- salty
- bitter
- umami -> elicited by glutamate
What does parasympathetic and sympathetic do in terms of the pupil?
parasympathetic: constricts pupil
sympathetic: dilates pupil
What is the fluid in front of the lens?
aqueous humor/anterior segment
What is the fluid in the back of the lens?
vitreous humor/posterior segment
What is another name of the internal ear?
Labyrinth
What does the bony labyrinth consist of? (3)
- Cochlea
- vestibule
- semicircular canals
What does the membranous labyrinth consist of? (4)
- cochlear duct
- utricle and saccule
- semicircular ducts
What fluid is in the membranous labyrinth?
Endolymph that is rich in potassium
What fluid is in the bony labyrinth?
Perilymph
What is the cochlea?
Spiraling chamber in the bony labyrinth
What is the central part of the bony labyrinth?
vestibule
What is the cochlear duct?
Membranous labyrinth inside the cochlea that contains mechanoreceptors for hearing called spiral organ/organ of corti
What are the role of the cochlea in hearing? (5)
- Sound waves vibrate tympanic membrane
- Auditory ossicles vibrate. Pressure is amplified.
- Pressure waves created by the stapes leave the oval window and enters the scala vestibuli
4a. Low sounds traveling thru the helicot rema doesn’t excite hair cells
4b. Loud sounds in the hearing range go thru the cochlear duct. Virates basilar membrane and deflects on inner hair cells.
What are the 3 layers of the eye?
- fibrous layer
- Vascular layer
- Neural/retina layer
What 2 things are apart of the fibrous layer?
- sclera: white opaque region of eye
- cornea: front of the eye
What 4 things make up the vascular layer?
- iris: visible colored part of eye
- pupil: round, central opening
- ciliary body: composed of ciliary muscle
- choroid: vascular, darkly pigmented membrane
What 4 things are composed of the neural/retina layer?
- pigmented layer: single layer of melanocytes
- photoreceptor cells: rods and cones
- bipolar cells: processes signals from photoreceptors to ganglion
- ganglion cells: axons of ganglion cells go to optic nerve
