Skeletal System Flashcards
What type of tissue is bone?
Connective tissue
What is the bone matrix made up of?
Made up of collagen, calcium, phosphate, and other minerals.
What are the three types of cells that make up the bone tissue and what are their functions?
- osteoclasts: remove/destroy bone matrix
- osteoblasts: Produce the matrix in layers
- osteocytes: maintain the structure of the matrix
Why would bone tissue have cells that destroy its matrix?
B/c it needs to maintain homeostasis of the right amount of weight and strength to support muscle action
What are two examples of health conditions due imbalance of bone tissues
- Osteoporosis - decrease in bone density
- Osteopetrosis: “Marble Bone Disease”: osteoclasts malfunction in which there’s excess weight of bone
In osteoporosis, what cell is the least active?
Osteoblasts
In osteopetrosis, what cell is the least active?
osteoclasts
What are the three main factors that affect bone health and its cellular activities?
- activity level
- nutrition
- hormonal level
What are the 5 types of bones? Provide examples of each
- Flat - frontal bone
- long - femur bone
- Short: carpals or tarsals bone
- Irregular: Lumbar vertebrae
- Sesamoid: Patella
What are the 5 parts of the long bond?
- periosteum
- medullary cavity
- endosteum
- diaphysis
- epiphysis
What are the two types of bone tissue?
- Compact bone
- spongy bone
What can be found in the spongy bone?
Trabeculae
What can be found in the trabeculae? (from outermost to innermost)
- osteoblast
- osteoclast
- osteocyte
- canaliculus
- lamellae
What are epiphyseal plates?
Growth plates at the epiphysis (ends) of the long bone
What is periosteum?
Dense layer of the bone that envelopes the bone except at the surface
What is the endosteum?
Membrane lining of the inner surface of the bone
Does the word articulation mean movement?
No, it doesnt. It means the joining place of two joints/ligaments
Give an example of an organ made primarily from cartilages
Larynx: Voice Box
What is perichondrium?
Connective tissue that envelops cartilage where it’s not at a joint
What is the cartilage matrix made up of?
Matrix is a ground substance imbedded with either collagen or elastic fibers
What two cells make up three types of cartilaginous tissue?
Chondroblasts and chondrocytes
What are the 3 types of cartilage tissues with examples?
- hyaline cartilage: movable joints
- elastic cartilage: ears
- fibrocartilage: intervertebral discs
