Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are the 3 layers that make up the wall of the blood vessels?
What type of tissue makes each layer
- Tunica Intima/Tunica Interna - endothelium/simple squamous epithelium ; innermost tunic
- Tunica Media - Smooth Muscle; contraction (vasoconstriction) and relaxation (vasodilation)
- Tunica Externa/Adventitia - Composed of connective tissue
What is vaso vasorum?
Microscopic network of microvessels in the tunica externa that perfuse the wall of arteries and veins
Compare and contracts b/w artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, and veins in regards to the presence or absence of these 3 layers (3)
- All blood vessels except capillaries have tunica media
- Arteries have a thicker tunica media compare to veins
- Veins have more lumen compared to arteries
What are the 2 main types of arteries?
- Elastic (conducting) arteries
- Muscular (distributing) arteries
Is the aorta elastic artery or muscular artery?
Aorta is an elastic artery
What are the two major arteries that enter the skull to supply blood to the anterior and posterior cerebrum, respectively?
External carotid artery –> anterior cerebrum
Internal carotid artery –> posterior cerebrum
List 5 arteries that you can take the pulse from, and the best artery for blood pressure measurement
- common carotid artery
- brachial artery (Best for BPM)
- radial artery
- posterior tibial artery
- popliteal artery
What is the pre-capillary sphincter?
Describe its function
- Valve that controls blood flow
- regulates the flow of blood to tissues
List 5 veins that phlebotomists withdrew blood for IV injection
- cephalic vein
- basilic vein
- median cubital vein
- external jugular vein
- great saphenous vein
What is the longest vein in the human body?
Great saphenous vein
What are the 3 types of blood capillaries?
Provide examples of the locations of each type
- Continuous capillaries –> blood brain barrier
- Fenestrated capillaries –> Kidneys ; have pores in their endothelium
- Sinusoids: –> Spleen; wide, leaky capillaries found in some organs
Describe 4 mechanisms that assist venous blood and lymphatic return to the heart
- Skeletal muscle pump: Muscles press against thin-walled veins
- Smooth muscle in tunica media
- Valves: Prevents backflow of blood
- Breathing: Flattening of the diaphragm of inhalation
What is anastomosis?
Connection or opening b/w 2 usually separate things such as blood vessels
Describe the 3 major modifications in fetal circulations and their function
- Ductus Venosus: Shunts oxygenated blood from the placenta away from the semi functional liver and toward the heart
- Foramen Ovale: Allows oxygenated blood in the right atrium to reach the left atrium
- Ductus Arteriosus: Connects the aorta with the pulmonary artery, further shunting blood away from the lungs and into the aorta
Connect the 3 major modifications in fetal circulation to their names after birth
- Ductus Venosus - Ligamentum Venosum
- Foramen Ovale - Fossa Ovalis
- Ductus Arteriosus - Ligamentum Arteriosum
What are the structures of the two capillary beds of the hepatic portal system? (5)
- arteries
- two capillary bed
- hepatic portal veins
- hepatic vein
- inferior vena cava
Describe the function of the 2 capillary beds of the hepatic portal system (4)
Arterial blood goes to the 1st capillary bed for nutrients/toxics to be absorbed in the stomach and intestine.
Material then moves thru the hepatic portal vein
Material goes thru the second capillary bed where nutrients/toxins become nontoxic in the liver/liver cells (hepatocytes)
Material then goes thru the hepatic vein to the inferior vena cava
What are the 5 types of blood vessels?
- arteries
- arterioles
- capillaries
- venules
- veins
What does arteries do?
takes blood away from the heart
What do arterioles do?
Carries blood from the arteries to the capillaries
What are capillaries?
Smallest blood vessels
What do venules do?
Receives blood from capillaries
What do veins do?
Receives blood from venules
What is a lumen?
Central blood filled space of a vessel
