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anatomy > Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 layers that make up the wall of the blood vessels?

What type of tissue makes each layer

A
  1. Tunica Intima/Tunica Interna - endothelium/simple squamous epithelium ; innermost tunic
  2. Tunica Media - Smooth Muscle; contraction (vasoconstriction) and relaxation (vasodilation)
  3. Tunica Externa/Adventitia - Composed of connective tissue
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2
Q

What is vaso vasorum?

A

Microscopic network of microvessels in the tunica externa that perfuse the wall of arteries and veins

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3
Q

Compare and contracts b/w artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, and veins in regards to the presence or absence of these 3 layers (3)

A
  1. All blood vessels except capillaries have tunica media
  2. Arteries have a thicker tunica media compare to veins
  3. Veins have more lumen compared to arteries
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4
Q

What are the 2 main types of arteries?

A
  1. Elastic (conducting) arteries
  2. Muscular (distributing) arteries
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5
Q

Is the aorta elastic artery or muscular artery?

A

Aorta is an elastic artery

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6
Q

What are the two major arteries that enter the skull to supply blood to the anterior and posterior cerebrum, respectively?

A

External carotid artery –> anterior cerebrum

Internal carotid artery –> posterior cerebrum

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7
Q

List 5 arteries that you can take the pulse from, and the best artery for blood pressure measurement

A
  • common carotid artery
  • brachial artery (Best for BPM)
  • radial artery
  • posterior tibial artery
  • popliteal artery
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8
Q

What is the pre-capillary sphincter?

Describe its function

A
  • Valve that controls blood flow
  • regulates the flow of blood to tissues
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9
Q

List 5 veins that phlebotomists withdrew blood for IV injection

A
  1. cephalic vein
  2. basilic vein
  3. median cubital vein
  4. external jugular vein
  5. great saphenous vein
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10
Q

What is the longest vein in the human body?

A

Great saphenous vein

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of blood capillaries?

Provide examples of the locations of each type

A
  1. Continuous capillaries –> blood brain barrier
  2. Fenestrated capillaries –> Kidneys ; have pores in their endothelium
  3. Sinusoids: –> Spleen; wide, leaky capillaries found in some organs
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12
Q

Describe 4 mechanisms that assist venous blood and lymphatic return to the heart

A
  1. Skeletal muscle pump: Muscles press against thin-walled veins
  2. Smooth muscle in tunica media
  3. Valves: Prevents backflow of blood
  4. Breathing: Flattening of the diaphragm of inhalation
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13
Q

What is anastomosis?

A

Connection or opening b/w 2 usually separate things such as blood vessels

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14
Q

Describe the 3 major modifications in fetal circulations and their function

A
  1. Ductus Venosus: Shunts oxygenated blood from the placenta away from the semi functional liver and toward the heart
  2. Foramen Ovale: Allows oxygenated blood in the right atrium to reach the left atrium
  3. Ductus Arteriosus: Connects the aorta with the pulmonary artery, further shunting blood away from the lungs and into the aorta
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15
Q

Connect the 3 major modifications in fetal circulation to their names after birth

A
  1. Ductus Venosus - Ligamentum Venosum
  2. Foramen Ovale - Fossa Ovalis
  3. Ductus Arteriosus - Ligamentum Arteriosum
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16
Q

What are the structures of the two capillary beds of the hepatic portal system? (5)

A
  1. arteries
  2. two capillary bed
  3. hepatic portal veins
  4. hepatic vein
  5. inferior vena cava
17
Q

Describe the function of the 2 capillary beds of the hepatic portal system (4)

A

Arterial blood goes to the 1st capillary bed for nutrients/toxics to be absorbed in the stomach and intestine.

Material then moves thru the hepatic portal vein

Material goes thru the second capillary bed where nutrients/toxins become nontoxic in the liver/liver cells (hepatocytes)

Material then goes thru the hepatic vein to the inferior vena cava

18
Q

What are the 5 types of blood vessels?

A
  1. arteries
  2. arterioles
  3. capillaries
  4. venules
  5. veins
19
Q

What does arteries do?

A

takes blood away from the heart

20
Q

What do arterioles do?

A

Carries blood from the arteries to the capillaries

21
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Smallest blood vessels

22
Q

What do venules do?

A

Receives blood from capillaries

23
Q

What do veins do?

A

Receives blood from venules

24
Q

What is a lumen?

A

Central blood filled space of a vessel

25
Q

What are capillary beds?

A

Network of capillaries running thru tissues

26
Q

Which blood vessel has the highest blood pressure?

A

Arteries

27
Q

Which blood vessel has the lowest blood pressure?

A

Vein

anatomy (18 decks)

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