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anatomy > Cardiovascular System: Heart > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System: Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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2
Q

Where are pectinate muscles found?

A

Atrium chambers

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3
Q

Where are papillary muscles and chordae tendineae found?

A

Ventricle chambers

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4
Q

What are the receiving chambers?

A

atrium chambers

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5
Q

What are the distributing chambers?

A

ventricle chambers

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6
Q

Where is the heart located in the thoracic cavity?

A

Mediastinum

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7
Q

Where is the apex?

A

Pointed towards the left hip

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8
Q

Where is the base?

A

Right shoulder

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9
Q

Where is most of the heart tissue?

A

located on the left of the thoracic cavity

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10
Q

What is epicardium?

A

Visceral layer of the serous pericardium

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11
Q

What is the myocardium?

A

Cardiac muscle tissue

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12
Q

What is the endocardium?

A

Endothelium, simple squamous epithelium

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13
Q

What consists of the serous pericardium covering? (2)

A
  1. parietal pericardium
  2. visceral pericardium
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14
Q

How do myocardiocytes communicate and share signals?

A

Thru intercalated discs

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15
Q

What is cardiac skeleton?

A

Cardiac skeletons is skeleton composed of dense connective tissue

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16
Q

Describe cardiac skeleton major functions (4)

A
  1. Isolate atrial muscles from ventricular muscles, which blocks direct spread of electrical impulses
  2. Anchors valve cusps
  3. Prevents overdilation of valve openings
  4. Main point of insertion for cardiac muscle
17
Q

Describe the “double pump” of the circuits

A

Pulmonary circuit ->
1. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium
2. Blood leaves the right atrium to the right ventricle thru the tricuspid valve
3. Blood leaves right ventricle to the pulmonary artery thru the pulmonary valve. Blood goes to the lungs.
4. Gas exchanges happens in the lungs in the pulmonary capillaries

Systemic Circuit
5. Blood leaves lungs and go to the left atrium. Blood leaves left atrium and goes to left ventricle via mitral valve
6. Blood leaves left ventricle and goes to aorta via the aortic valve. Aorta pumps blood throughout the body

18
Q

Describe the intrinsic conduction system of the heart (5 structures and their locations)

A
  1. Sinoatrial (SA) Node: generates impulses; wall of right atrium
  2. Atrioventricular (AV) Node: Impulses pause here for 0.1 seconds
  3. Atrioventricular (AV) Bundle of His: Connects atria to the ventricles; interventricular system
  4. Bundle Branches: Conduct impulses thru the interventricular septum
  5. Purkinje Fibers: Stimulates contractile cells of both ventricles
19
Q

Describe the autonomic innervations to heart and their effects on the heart rate

A

Parasympathetic nerves -> Innervates the SA node, AV node, and coronary arteries; decreases heart rate

Sympathetic Nerves -> Innervates the SA and AV node, and cardiac musculature (myocardium); increases heart rate and strength of contraction

20
Q

What are the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart?

A

Coronary arteries

21
Q

What anatomical structure is related to a heart murmur?

A

Heart valves

22
Q

What anatomical structure is related to a heart attack/myocardial infarction?

A

Blocked coronary arteries

23
Q

What anatomical structure is related to a heart block?

A

structure of the conducting system

24
Q

What anatomical structure is related to an aneurism?

A

Vaso Vasorum

25
Q

How many valves are in the heart?

A

4 valves

26
Q

What does the auricles cover?

A

Covers the atrial chambers of the heart

27
Q

What does the myocardium consist of?

A

Myocardiocytes (heart muscle cells) that’s connected by intercalated discs (gap junctions)

28
Q

What are the atrioventricular valves?

A

Valves b/w the atria and ventricles; also called the Parachute valve

29
Q

What are the 2 types of the atrioventricular valves?

A

Right AV valve - tricuspid valve
Left AV valve - Bicuspid (mitral) valve

30
Q

What does the parachute valve prevent?

A

Prevents the backflow of blood to the atria

31
Q

What are the semilunar valves?

A

Valves b/w the ventricles and great arteries

32
Q

What does the semilunar valves prevent?

A

Prevents back flow of blood to the ventricles

33
Q

What are the 2 semilunar valves?

A
  1. aortic semilunar valve
  2. pulmonary semilunar valve
34
Q

What is the function of the aortic semilunar valve?

A

Prevents backflow of the left ventricle

35
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary semilunar valve?

A

Prevents backflow of the right ventricle

36
Q

What is prolapse?

A

Leaky heart valve

37
Q

What is ischemia?

A

Reduced blood flow/supply

38
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

Reduced oxygen flow/supply

anatomy (18 decks)

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