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anatomy > Brain Regions (Nervous System) > Flashcards

Brain Regions (Nervous System) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 regions of the brain?

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Brain Stem
  4. Diencephalon
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2
Q

What is the largest region of the brain?

A

Cerebrum

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3
Q

Right cerebral hemisphere caters to what abilities? Left cerebral hemisphere caters to what abilities?

A

Right cerebral hemisphere: Artistic abilities

Left cerebral hemisphere: Logical/reasoning abilities

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4
Q

What links the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

Corpus callosum

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5
Q

What kind of tract is corpus callosum?

A

Commissural tract

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6
Q

What are the 3 fissures that divide the cerebrum?

A
  1. longitudinal fissure
  2. lateral fissure
  3. transverse fissure
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7
Q

Is the cerebrum contoured?

A

Yes it is, with sulcus (deep) and gyrus (superficial) layers

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8
Q

What is the central sulcus?

A

One sulcus that’s constant in all brains

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9
Q

What are the two gyri?

A

Precentral and postcentral gyrus that’s anterior and posterior the central sulcus

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10
Q

What are the 5 lobes of the cerebral hemisphere?

A
  1. Frontal lobe
  2. Parietal lobe
  3. Temporal lobe
  4. Insular lobe
  5. Occipital lobe
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11
Q

What are the 4 processing centers of the CNS?

A
  1. Sensory
  2. Thinking
  3. Memory
  4. Motor
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12
Q

What does the frontal lobe do? What are its 4 areas?

A
  • Localizes movement
  1. primary motor cortex
  2. premotor area
  3. prefrontal area
  4. Broca’s area (motor speech area)
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13
Q

What is the function of the primary motor cortex?

A

Controls skeletal muscles

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14
Q

What is the function of the premotor area?

A

learns muscular skills

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15
Q

What is the function of the prefrontal area?

A

processes psychological movement

Examples:
- motivation
- aggression
- use of knowledge
- initiates decisions and personality

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16
Q

What is the function of the Broca’s/motor speech area?

A

Performing speech skills
- use of grammar
- coordinate muscles to create speech

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17
Q

Which lobes focus on sensory interpretation?

A
  • parietal lobe
  • occipital lobe
  • temporal lobe (3)
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18
Q

What are the 2 areas of the parietal lobe?

A
  1. primary somatic sensory cortex
  2. somatic sensory/ association area
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19
Q

What does the primary somatic sensory cortex function in?

A

Interprets body surface/skin/skin feelings

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20
Q

What does the somatic sensory/association area function in?

A

Interprets sensation/tastes based off memory

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21
Q

What are the 2 areas of the occipital lobe?

A
  1. Visual cortex
  2. Visual association cortex
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22
Q

What does the visual cortex function in?

A

makes you be able to see

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23
Q

What does the visual association cortex function in?

A

Makes you be able to recognize what you are seeing

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24
Q

What are the 2 areas of the temporal lobe?

A
  1. Auditory cortex
  2. Auditory Association Area
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25
Q

What does the auditory cortex function in?

A

Make you be able to hear

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26
Q

What does the auditory association area function in?

A

Stores memory of sounds

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27
Q

What does the insula/ar lobe function in?

A

Visceral center of internal/unconscious understanding

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28
Q

What area is in the interlobar part?

A

Wernicke’s area

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29
Q

What does the Wernicke’s area function in?

A

Understands and formulate coherent speech; Sensory speech found only in the left hemisphere

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30
Q

What are the two areas of the cerebellum?

A
  1. Cerebellar cortex
  2. Arbor vitae
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31
Q

What does the cerebellum function in?

A

Has to do with balance, equilibrium, and coordination

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32
Q

What kind of matter is cerebellar cortex and arbor vitae?

A

Cerebellar cortex –> Grey matter

Arbor vitae –> White matter

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33
Q

What are the 3 parts of the brainstem?

A
  1. Medulla oblongata
  2. Pons
  3. Midbrain
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34
Q

What are the 2 areas of the medulla oblongata?

A
  1. Pyramids
  2. Olives
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35
Q

What is the function of the pyramid area?

A

motor pathways to body

36
Q

What is the function of the olive area?

A

Auditory center

37
Q

What area is in the pons lobe?

A

Cerebellar peduncle

38
Q

What function does the cerebellar peduncle have?

A

It acts as a bridge that connects the traffic from brain stem to cerebellum

39
Q

What does the pons and medulla oblongata have in common?

A

Has mechanical autonomic control

40
Q

What are the 4 areas of the midbrain?

A
  1. cerebral peduncles
  2. corpora quadrigemina
  3. superior colliculi
  4. inferior colliculi
41
Q

What is the function of the cerebral peduncles?

A

Routes traffic to right and left hemisphere

42
Q

What is the function of the corpora quadrigemina?

A

posterior midbrain; reflex area

43
Q

What is the function of the superior colliculi?

A

twins that has to do with visual pathways and reflexes

44
Q

What is the function of the inferior colliculi?

A

twins that has to do with auditory pathways

45
Q

What is the function of th midbrain?

A

Routes traffic to right and left hemisphere

46
Q

Where is the diencephalon located?

A

Located deep within the cerebrum

47
Q

What are the 3 parts of the diencephalon?

A
  1. Thalamus (largest part)
  2. Hypothalamus
  3. Epithalamus (posterior roof of thalamus)
48
Q

What is the area of the thalamus?

A

Intermediate mass

49
Q

What is the function of the intermediate mass?

A

Commissural tract that connects two thalami

50
Q

What does the thalamus have a role in?

A

Relay station for all sensory information except for smell

51
Q

What is the 4 areas of the hypothalamus?

A
  1. infundibulum
  2. pituitary gland
  3. Mammillary body
  4. Optic chiasm
52
Q

What is the function of the infundibulum?

A

Stalk of nerve tissues that holds the pituitary

53
Q

What is the function of the pituitary gland?

A

Master gland

54
Q

What is the function of the mammillary body?

A

Olfactory reflexes

55
Q

What is the function of the optic chiasm?

A

Routes optic data to both hemispheres

56
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

Manages chemical autonomic functions

Example:
- temperature
- thirst
- growth
- menstrual cycle

57
Q

What area is found in the epithalamus?

A

Pineal gland

58
Q

What is the function of the pineal gland?

A

produces melatonin

59
Q

What are the 2 language centers located in the left cerebral hemisphere?

A
  1. Broca’s Area
  2. Wernicke’s Area
60
Q

What is the tract that connects these two language centers?

A

Arcuate fasciculus

61
Q

What falls under the corpora quadrigemina?

A
  • superior colliculi
  • inferior colliculi
62
Q

Where is the Broca’s area found?

Where is the Wernicke’s area found?

A
  1. Frontal lobe
  2. Interlobar lobe
63
Q

What is RAS?

A

Reticular activating system that is the consciousness and sensory filter

64
Q

What 3 brain regions carry RAS fibers?

A
  1. brainstem
  2. thalamus
  3. Cerebrum
65
Q

Is the smell carrying tract included in the RAS?

A

No it is not

66
Q

What brain structure could be linked to left side hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of body)?

A

Primary somatic motor cortex

67
Q

What brain structure could be linked to phantom limb syndrome?

A

primary somatic sensory cortex

68
Q

What brain structure could be linked to mechanical speech impairment?

A

motor speech area/ Broca’s Area (only left side)

69
Q

What brain structure could be linked to word salad?

A

Wernicke’s Area (sensory speech area)

70
Q

What brain structure could be linked to personality disorder (involve decision making and motivation)?

A

prefrontal area

71
Q

What brain structure could be linked to blindness?

A

visual cortex

72
Q

What brain structure could be linked to deafness?

A

auditory cortex

73
Q

What brain structure could be linked to sleep apnea?

A

brain stem

74
Q

What brain structure could be linked to excessive hunger?

A

hypothalamus

75
Q

What brain structure could be linked to circadian cycle disorder?

A

epithalamus

76
Q

What brain structure could be linked to coma?

A

reticular activating system (RAS)

77
Q

What brain structure could be linked to ataxia (loss of muscle coordination)?

A

cerebellum

78
Q

Compare between the sizes of the spinal cord in fetus vs adults

A

Fetus: Extended only to the sacrum (s5)

Adult: Extends b/w L1-L2. Doesnt touch the sacrum

79
Q

In adult, at what level of vertebra does most common epidural anesthesia take place?

Does the injection penetrate the meninges?

A
  • Epidural takes place in the subarachnoid space of the CSF
  • Doesn’t penetrate the meninges
80
Q

What is the most inferior layer of the spinal cord?

A
  • conus medularis
81
Q

Is the cauda equina, PNS or CNS?

A

PNS

82
Q

Where does descending nerve tracts go?

A

From the brain (motor) to the spinal cord

83
Q

Where does the ascending nerve tracts go?

A

From spinal cord (sensory) to the brain

84
Q

What is cauda equina?

A

Spinal nerves that is at the tail end; part of PNS

85
Q

What is filum terminale?

A

Nerve roots/band that connects to the spinal cord to the coccyx.

anatomy (18 decks)

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