Respiratory System Flashcards
What are the two main organs that are maintaining the homeostasis of the blood pH (pH = 7.4)?
Kidneys and Lungs
Which one is the largest laryngeal cartilage?
Which one is made from elastic cartilage?
- thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple)
- Epiglottis
What consists of the upper respiratory tract? (4)
- nasal cavity
- oral cavity
- pharynx
- larynx
What consists of the lower respiratory tract? (3)
- trachea
- bronchial tree
- alveoli
What is the order of the nasal cavity?
Nares -> vestibules -> meati -> choanae
What is the order of the oral cavity?
Mouth -> fauces
What is the membrane lining of the nasal and oral cavity
Nasal: ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Oral: Stratified squamous epithelium
What is the order of the pharynx? What is the membrane lining of it?
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
lining: stratified squamous epithelium
What is the membrane lining of the superior and inferior larynx?
superior: stratified squamous epithelium
inferior: pseudostratified squamous columnar epithelium
What is the membrane lining of the trachea?
- pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
What is the membrane lining of the alveoli?
Simple squamous epithelium
Where is the conducting zone?
Where is the respiratory zone?
- From the trachea to the terminal bronchiole
- From the respiratory bronchiole to the alveoli
How many lobes are there in the left lung? In the right lung?
Left lung: 2 lobes
Right Lung: 3 lobes
List the names of the branches of the bronchial tree, in order, from large to small (3)
Main bronchus –> lobar bronchus –> segmental bronchus
Where does gas exchange takes place in the lung? Why?
Takes place in the alveoli because this where capillary beds are located for gas exchange
Why does the wall of the trachea have cartilage support?
To keep the airway open
Do all the tracheal cartilage made from complete ring? Why or why not?
Doesn’t form a complete ring.
- forms a C-shaped cartilage because the trachea has to become narrow when the esophagus expands
Approximately, how many alveoli are there in each lung?
300 million alveoli
What is the reason to have such large number of alveoli?
The more alveoli there is, the more surface area for gas exchange to occur
What is emphysema? What causes it?
Destruction of the alveolar walls, loss of lung elasticity
Caused by a history of smoking, air pollution
What is COPD? What causes it?
Chronic bronchitis and obstructive emphysema
Causes: Continual bronchial imitation and inflammation along with the loss of lungs elasticity/alveolar wall loss over time
What is the glottis?
closing of the vocal cords to prevent food from going into the lungs
What macromolecules are broken down? (3)
- carbohydrates
- protein
- fat/lipids
Where is carbohydrates broken down?
What aids in its breakdown?
What is it broken down into?
Broken down in the oral cavity
Salivary amylase aids in its breakdown
Broken down into simple sugars
Where is protein broken down?
What aids in its breakdown?
What is it broken down into?
Broken down in the stomach
Pepsin aids in its breakdown
Broken down into amino acids
Where is fats broken down?
What aids in its breakdown?
What is it broken down into?
Broken down in the duodenum
Bile and Pancreatic lipase aids in its breakdown
Broken down into fatty acids
