Respiratory System

Question 1

What are the two main organs that are maintaining the homeostasis of the blood pH (pH = 7.4)?

Answer 1

Kidneys and Lungs

Question 2

Which one is the largest laryngeal cartilage?

Which one is made from elastic cartilage?

Answer 2

• thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple)
• Epiglottis

Question 3

What consists of the upper respiratory tract? (4)

Answer 3

• nasal cavity
• oral cavity
• pharynx
• larynx

Question 4

What consists of the lower respiratory tract? (3)

Answer 4

• trachea
• bronchial tree
• alveoli

Question 5

What is the order of the nasal cavity?

Answer 5

Nares -> vestibules -> meati -> choanae

Question 6

What is the order of the oral cavity?

Answer 6

Mouth -> fauces

Question 7

What is the membrane lining of the nasal and oral cavity

Answer 7

Nasal: ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Oral: Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 8

What is the order of the pharynx? What is the membrane lining of it?

Answer 8

1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx

lining: stratified squamous epithelium

Question 9

What is the membrane lining of the superior and inferior larynx?

Answer 9

superior: stratified squamous epithelium

inferior: pseudostratified squamous columnar epithelium

Question 10

What is the membrane lining of the trachea?

Answer 10

• pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 11

What is the membrane lining of the alveoli?

Answer 11

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 12

Where is the conducting zone?

Where is the respiratory zone?

Answer 12

• From the trachea to the terminal bronchiole
• From the respiratory bronchiole to the alveoli

Question 13

How many lobes are there in the left lung? In the right lung?

Answer 13

Left lung: 2 lobes

Right Lung: 3 lobes

Question 14

List the names of the branches of the bronchial tree, in order, from large to small (3)

Answer 14

Main bronchus –> lobar bronchus –> segmental bronchus

Question 15

Where does gas exchange takes place in the lung? Why?

Answer 15

Takes place in the alveoli because this where capillary beds are located for gas exchange

Question 16

Why does the wall of the trachea have cartilage support?

Answer 16

To keep the airway open

Question 17

Do all the tracheal cartilage made from complete ring? Why or why not?

Answer 17

Doesn’t form a complete ring.

• forms a C-shaped cartilage because the trachea has to become narrow when the esophagus expands

Question 18

Approximately, how many alveoli are there in each lung?

Answer 18

300 million alveoli

Question 19

What is the reason to have such large number of alveoli?

Answer 19

The more alveoli there is, the more surface area for gas exchange to occur

Question 20

What is emphysema? What causes it?

Answer 20

Destruction of the alveolar walls, loss of lung elasticity

Caused by a history of smoking, air pollution

Question 21

What is COPD? What causes it?

Answer 21

Chronic bronchitis and obstructive emphysema

Causes: Continual bronchial imitation and inflammation along with the loss of lungs elasticity/alveolar wall loss over time

Question 22

What is the glottis?

Answer 22

closing of the vocal cords to prevent food from going into the lungs

Question 23

What macromolecules are broken down? (3)

Answer 23

• carbohydrates
• protein
• fat/lipids

Question 24

Where is carbohydrates broken down?

What aids in its breakdown?

What is it broken down into?

Answer 24

Broken down in the oral cavity

Salivary amylase aids in its breakdown

Broken down into simple sugars

Question 25

Where is protein broken down?

What aids in its breakdown?

What is it broken down into?

Answer 25

Broken down in the stomach

Pepsin aids in its breakdown

Broken down into amino acids

Question 26

Where is fats broken down?

What aids in its breakdown?

What is it broken down into?

Answer 26

Broken down in the duodenum

Bile and Pancreatic lipase aids in its breakdown

Broken down into fatty acids