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anatomy > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity?

A

Peritoneum

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2
Q

What are the 2 parts of the peritoneum?

A
  • Visceral Peritoneum –> Surrounds digestive organs
  • Parietal Peritoneum –> Lines the body wall
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3
Q

Give example of peritoneal organs and retroperitoneal organs

A

Peritoneal Organs: Stomach, intestine

Retroperitoneal Organs: Kidneys, Aorta, Inferior vena cava

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4
Q

What is the name of the peritoneal membrane attached to the small intestine?

A

mesentery

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5
Q

What is the name of the peritoneal membrane attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

lesser omentum

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6
Q

What is the name of the peritoneal membrane attached to the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

greater omentum

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7
Q

What is the name of the peritoneal membrane attached to the transverse colon?

A

transverse mesocolon

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8
Q

What is the name of the peritoneal membrane attached to the sigmoid colon?

A

sigmoid mesocolon

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9
Q

List the 4 layers of the wall of the alimentary canal and function of each layer

A
  1. Mucosa: Innermost layer
  2. Submucosa: External to mucosa; contains blood/lymphatic vessels, nerve fibers
  3. Muscularis Externa: External to the submucosa
  4. Serosa: Outermost layer
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10
Q

List the 4 layers of the wall of the alimentary canal and describe the tissue type

A
  1. Mucosa: epithelium layer
  2. Submucosa: connective tissue
  3. Muscularis Externa: Circular layer - deep ; longitudinal layer - superficial
  4. Serosa: visceral peritoneum
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11
Q

What does the term “digestion” mean?

A

Breakdown of macromolecules to their building blocks that’s water soluble

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12
Q

What are the 2 mechanisms by which digestion takes place?

A
  1. Mechanical breakdown –> Chewing/churning food in stomach
  2. Chemical Digestion –> Chemical reactions that involve enzymes to breakdown food
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13
Q

What are the sphincters/valves that control the movement of food between the esophagus and stomach?

A

cardiac sphincter

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14
Q

What are the sphincters/valves that control the movement of food between the stomach and small intestine?

A

pyloric sphincter

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15
Q

What are the sphincters/valves that control the movement of food between the small intestine and large intestine?

A

Ileocecal valve

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16
Q

What are the sphincters/valves that control the movement of food between the rectum and outside of the body?

A

Internal/external anal sphincter

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17
Q

What are the 3 types of gastric glands and what are their functions?

A
  1. Mucous Neck cells –> Secretes spinal mucus
  2. Parietal cells –> Secretes hydrochloric acid (HCl) and gastric intrinsic factor
  3. Chief cells –> Secretes pepsinogen
18
Q

What are the 3 functions of the digestive system?

A
  1. Digestion
  2. Absorption
  3. Defecation
19
Q

What is the function of digesiton?

A

Breakdown of macromolecules to their building blocks that’s water soluble

20
Q

What is the function of absorption?

A

Transport of digested nutrients to blood

21
Q

What is the function of defecation?

A

Elimination of indigestible substances as feces

22
Q

Pain in the alimentary canal but there’s no bleeding. Where is the injury?

A

Injury to the mucosa

23
Q

Pain in the alimentary canal and there’s bleeding. Where is the injury?

A

Injury to the submucosa

24
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Contraction and relaxation of the alimentary canal (longitudinal layer)

25
Q

What is segmentation?

A

Rhythmic local contractions of the intestine in the circular layer

26
Q

What are the 3 functions of the large intestine?

A
  1. Absorb water and electrolytes
  2. Eliminate waste and undigested material
  3. Mass peristaltic movements forces feces towards the rectum
27
Q

What does micro flora do?

A

Host beneficial bacteria

28
Q

What consists of the pharynx?

What is the membrane lining?

A

Oropharynx and laryngopharynx

stratified squamous epithelium

29
Q

What consists of the esophagus?

What is the membrane lining?

A

Cardiac sphincter that joins the esophagus/diaphragm and stomach

  • Mucosa is stratified squamous epithelium
30
Q

What is the membrane lining of the stomach?

What does it do/secrete?

A

Membrane lining is simple columnar epithelium

Site of where food is churned into chyme; secretes pepsin for protein digestion

31
Q

What consists of the small intestine?

What does it do/secrete?

A

Consists of: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Site of most enzymatic digestion and absorption; the duodenum is where pancreatic lipase and bile digest fat to make it water soluble

Membrane lining: simple columnar epithelium

32
Q

What consists of the large intestine? (8)

What is the membrane lining?

A
  • Cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anal canal

Membrane lining: simple columnar epithelial tissue

33
Q

What consists of the rectum?

What is the membrane lining? (2)

A

Internal and external anal sphincter

Mucosa of Rectum: stratified squamous epithelium

Internal Anal Sphincter: Smooth muscle

External Anal Sphincter: Skeletal muscle

34
Q

What are gastric glands?

A

Glands deep to the gastric pit

35
Q

What are the 4 regions of the stomach?

A
  • cardial part
  • fundus
  • body
  • pyloric part
36
Q

What are the 3 muscle layers in the stomach?

A
  • circular layer
  • longitudinal layer
  • oblique layer
37
Q

What 3 things help with absorption of the small intestine?

A
  1. circular folds
  2. villi
  3. microvilli
38
Q

What are 2 disorders of the digestive system?

A
  1. gastric ulcers –> peptic ulcer in the pyloric region of the stomach
  2. duodenal ulcers –> caused by the Helicobacter pylori in the duodenum
39
Q

What are circular folds?

A

transverse ridges of mucosa and submucosa

40
Q

What is villi?

A

Fingerlike projections of mucosa

41
Q

What does microvilli do?

A

Increases surface area for absorption

anatomy (18 decks)

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