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anatomy > Peripheral/Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Peripheral/Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

How many roots does the spinal cord have?

A

two roots

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2
Q

Which spinal cord root has predominantly motor function?

A

Ventral/front root –> motor function

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3
Q

Which spinal cord root has ganglion?

A

Dorsal/back root –> ganglion

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4
Q

What is the function of spinal nerves?

Are spinal nerves mixed?

A

Yes, they’re mixed (sensory and motor)

Sensory -> Sends signals to the brain via dorsal root

Motor –> Sends signals from brain to spinal cord via ventral root

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5
Q

What is the name of the bundles that arranges axons?

A

Fasciculus

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6
Q

What are the 3 layers of the connective tissue wraps of the axon?

A
  1. Endoneurium
  2. Perineurium
  3. Epineurium
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7
Q

What are dermatomes?

A

Areas of the skin that connect thru a single spinal nerve

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8
Q

What are dermatomes used for?

A

Used to diagnose spinal cord injuries

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9
Q

What are the two rami of the spinal nerves?

A
  1. Dorsal ramus
  2. ventral ramus
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10
Q

What is the third additional ramus of the spinal nerves b/w T1-L2?

A

Communicating ramus

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11
Q

How many spinal nerves are in humans?

A

62 spinal nerves

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12
Q

What does the dorsi rami/ramus do?

A

Innervates the vertebral muscles

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13
Q

What is the origin of the phrenic nerve?

A

Formed from C3-C5

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14
Q

What muscle does the phrenic nerve innervate?

A

Innervates the diaphragm

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15
Q

What plexus is the phrenic nerve found in?

A

Cervical plexus

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16
Q

What is the role of the phrenic nerve in Hangman’s Fracture?

A

Damage to above the phrenic nerve makes it more difficult to breathing;

lacking of oxygen

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17
Q

Describe the nerve supply to the upper limb, and the group of muscles they innervate (5)

A
  1. Axillary nerve innervates deltoid
  2. Radial nerve innervates triceps
  3. Musculocutaneous nerve innervates biceps brachii
  4. Median nerve innervates flexors like the flexor carpi radialis
  5. Ulnar nerve innervates flexor carpi ulnaris
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18
Q

Describe the nerve supply to the lower limb, and the group of muscles they innervate (4)

A
  1. Femoral nerve innervates quadriceps/ helps with knee movement
  2. Obturator nerve innervates inner thigh muscles
  3. Sciatic nerve innervates posterior thigh muscles like hamstring
  4. Gluteal nerve innervates gluteal muscles
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19
Q

How many cranial nerves are in humans?

A

12 cranial nerves

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20
Q

What nerve in the cervical plexus?

A

phrenic nerve

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21
Q

What nerves are in the brachial plexus? (5)

A
  1. axillary nerve
  2. radial nerve
  3. musculocutaneous nerve
  4. median nerve
  5. ulnar nerve
22
Q

How many pairs are found in the cervical nerves?

A

8 pairs

23
Q

How many pairs are found in the thoracic nerves?

A

12 pairs

24
Q

How many pairs are found in the lumbar nerves?

A

5 pairs

25
Q

What nerves are found in the lumbar plexus? (2)

A
  1. Femoral nerves
  2. Obturator nerves
26
Q

How many pairs are found in the sacral nerves?

A

5 pairs

27
Q

What nerves are found in the sacral plexus? (2)

A
  1. sciatic nerve
  2. gluteal nerve
28
Q

How many pairs are found in the coccygeal nerve?

A

1 pair

29
Q

What consists of the cervical nerve? (3)

A
  1. cervical plexus
  2. brachial plexus
  3. cervical enlargement
30
Q

What consists of the thoracic nerves? (2)

A
  1. Intercostal nerves
  2. lumbosac enlargement
31
Q

What is the chemical control center of autonomic functions?

A

Visceral sensory

32
Q

What is the mechanical control center of autonomic functions?

A

Visceral motor

33
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation of breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, urination, and digestion? (6)

A
  • breathing increases
  • BP increases
  • HR increases
  • Blood glucose increases
  • pupils dilate
  • urination and digestion decreases
34
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation of breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, urination, and digestion? (6)

A
  • Breathing decreases
  • BP decreases
  • HR decreases
  • Blood glucose decreases
  • Pupils constrict
  • Urination and digestion increases
35
Q

What is eustress?

A
  • positive type of stress that can be beneficial to your health, motivation, and overall well-being
36
Q

List 3 structures in the human body that receive sympathetic but not parasympathetic innervation.

A
  1. sweat gland
  2. adrenal gland
  3. Arrector pili muscle
37
Q

What ramus does the the sympathetic anatomy but not the parasympathetic anatomy has?

A

Communicating ramus

38
Q

What is the length of preganglionic neurons in sympathetic anatomy?

What is the length of postganglionic neurons in sympathetic anatomy?

A

Preganglionic –> Short

Postganglionic –> Long

39
Q

What is the length of preganglionic neurons in parasympathetic anatomy?

What is the length of postganglionic neurons in parasympathetic anatomy?

A

Preganglionic –> Long

Postganglionic –> Short

40
Q

What is released b/w the pre/postganglionic neurons?

A

Acetylcholine (ACH)

41
Q

What is the major control and integration center of the autonomic nervous system? (2)

A
  • hypothalamus
  • medulla
42
Q

What is biofeedback?

A

Conscious control of the autonomic nervous system

43
Q

What does the ventral rami form?

A

Forms plexi and main thoracic nerves –> forms body’s major nerves

44
Q

What nerve # are the cervical plexus?

A

C1-C5

45
Q

What nerve # are the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

46
Q

What nerve # are the thoracic nerves?

A

T1-T12

47
Q

What nerve # are the lumbar plexus?

A

L1-L4

48
Q

What nerve # are the sacral plexus?

A

L4-S4

49
Q

What is a plexus?

A

Weaving of nerves

50
Q

Thoracic nerves are also what kind of nerves?

A

Intercostal

anatomy (11 decks)

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