Peripheral/Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
How many roots does the spinal cord have?
two roots
Which spinal cord root has predominantly motor function?
Ventral/front root –> motor function
Which spinal cord root has ganglion?
Dorsal/back root –> ganglion
What is the function of spinal nerves?
Are spinal nerves mixed?
Yes, they’re mixed (sensory and motor)
Sensory -> Sends signals to the brain via dorsal root
Motor –> Sends signals from brain to spinal cord via ventral root
What is the name of the bundles that arranges axons?
Fasciculus
What are the 3 layers of the connective tissue wraps of the axon?
- Endoneurium
- Perineurium
- Epineurium
What are dermatomes?
Areas of the skin that connect thru a single spinal nerve
What are dermatomes used for?
Used to diagnose spinal cord injuries
What are the two rami of the spinal nerves?
- Dorsal ramus
- ventral ramus
What is the third additional ramus of the spinal nerves b/w T1-L2?
Communicating ramus
How many spinal nerves are in humans?
62 spinal nerves
What does the dorsi rami/ramus do?
Innervates the vertebral muscles
What is the origin of the phrenic nerve?
Formed from C3-C5
What muscle does the phrenic nerve innervate?
Innervates the diaphragm
What plexus is the phrenic nerve found in?
Cervical plexus
What is the role of the phrenic nerve in Hangman’s Fracture?
Damage to above the phrenic nerve makes it more difficult to breathing;
lacking of oxygen
Describe the nerve supply to the upper limb, and the group of muscles they innervate (5)
- Axillary nerve innervates deltoid
- Radial nerve innervates triceps
- Musculocutaneous nerve innervates biceps brachii
- Median nerve innervates flexors like the flexor carpi radialis
- Ulnar nerve innervates flexor carpi ulnaris
Describe the nerve supply to the lower limb, and the group of muscles they innervate (4)
- Femoral nerve innervates quadriceps/ helps with knee movement
- Obturator nerve innervates inner thigh muscles
- Sciatic nerve innervates posterior thigh muscles like hamstring
- Gluteal nerve innervates gluteal muscles
How many cranial nerves are in humans?
12 cranial nerves
What nerve in the cervical plexus?
phrenic nerve
What nerves are in the brachial plexus? (5)
- axillary nerve
- radial nerve
- musculocutaneous nerve
- median nerve
- ulnar nerve
How many pairs are found in the cervical nerves?
8 pairs
How many pairs are found in the thoracic nerves?
12 pairs
How many pairs are found in the lumbar nerves?
5 pairs
What nerves are found in the lumbar plexus? (2)
- Femoral nerves
- Obturator nerves
How many pairs are found in the sacral nerves?
5 pairs
What nerves are found in the sacral plexus? (2)
- sciatic nerve
- gluteal nerve
How many pairs are found in the coccygeal nerve?
1 pair
What consists of the cervical nerve? (3)
- cervical plexus
- brachial plexus
- cervical enlargement
What consists of the thoracic nerves? (2)
- Intercostal nerves
- lumbosac enlargement
What is the chemical control center of autonomic functions?
Visceral sensory
What is the mechanical control center of autonomic functions?
Visceral motor
What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation of breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, urination, and digestion? (6)
- breathing increases
- BP increases
- HR increases
- Blood glucose increases
- pupils dilate
- urination and digestion decreases
What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation of breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, urination, and digestion? (6)
- Breathing decreases
- BP decreases
- HR decreases
- Blood glucose decreases
- Pupils constrict
- Urination and digestion increases
What is eustress?
- positive type of stress that can be beneficial to your health, motivation, and overall well-being
List 3 structures in the human body that receive sympathetic but not parasympathetic innervation.
- sweat gland
- adrenal gland
- Arrector pili muscle
What ramus does the the sympathetic anatomy but not the parasympathetic anatomy has?
Communicating ramus
What is the length of preganglionic neurons in sympathetic anatomy?
What is the length of postganglionic neurons in sympathetic anatomy?
Preganglionic –> Short
Postganglionic –> Long
What is the length of preganglionic neurons in parasympathetic anatomy?
What is the length of postganglionic neurons in parasympathetic anatomy?
Preganglionic –> Long
Postganglionic –> Short
What is released b/w the pre/postganglionic neurons?
Acetylcholine (ACH)
What is the major control and integration center of the autonomic nervous system? (2)
- hypothalamus
- medulla
What is biofeedback?
Conscious control of the autonomic nervous system
What does the ventral rami form?
Forms plexi and main thoracic nerves –> forms body’s major nerves
What nerve # are the cervical plexus?
C1-C5
What nerve # are the brachial plexus?
C5-T1
What nerve # are the thoracic nerves?
T1-T12
What nerve # are the lumbar plexus?
L1-L4
What nerve # are the sacral plexus?
L4-S4
What is a plexus?
Weaving of nerves
Thoracic nerves are also what kind of nerves?
Intercostal
