Cardiovascular System: Blood

Question 1

What are the % of each component of the blood (plasma, and formed elements)?

Answer 1

55% - plasma (liquid)
45% - Erythrocyte
<1% - buffy coat/Leukocytes and platelets -> formed elements

Question 2

What blood cells can be found in the buffy coat layer?

Answer 2

Leukocytes (white blood cell) and platelets from the buffy coat

Question 3

What are the 3 major proteins in the plasma, and what are their functions?

Answer 3

1. Albumin (60%) - Major component of osmotic pressure of plasma
2. Globulins (35%) - Antibodies (immunoglobulin) and transport proteins
3. Fibrinogen “inactive” (4%) - Functions in blood clotting

Question 4

All types of anemia share a common symptom. What is it?

Answer 4

Lack of oxygen

Question 5

What is the most abundant type of blood cells?

Can they divide?

Describe the cellular structures (shape, size, organelles, and protein contents).

Answer 5

Erythrocytes - Red Blood Cells

Can’t divide due to a lack of nuclei

Shape: Biconcave shape

Size: 7.5-8 micrometer

only lives for 120 days

Organelles: Lack a mitochondria due to only carrying-oxygen , not consuming it

Protein Contents: Hemoglobin

Question 6

What are the 2 groups of leukocytes?

Answer 6

1. Granulocytes
2. Agranulocytes

Question 7

Split up the 5 types of leukocytes based on their grouping

Answer 7

Granulocytes
1. Neutrophil
2. Eosinophil
3. Basophil

Agranulocytes
1. Lymphocytes -> T and B cells
2. Monocytes

Question 8

What is the most abundant type of leukocytes?

Answer 8

Neutrophils

Question 9

What is the function of platelets?

Answer 9

Initiate blood clot

Question 10

What is hematopoiesis?

Where (in the adult) does hematopoiesis takes place?

Answer 10

Process by which blood cells are formed

Takes place in the red bone marrow

Question 11

Compare b/w T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes

Answer 11

T- Lymphocytes: Killer cells produced in thymus

B-Lymphocytes: Make antibodies produced in bone marrow

Question 12

Blood plasma is mainly composed of what?

Answer 12

Approximately 90% of water

Question 13

What molecules are in blood plasma? (4)

Answer 13

1. Ions : Na+ and Cl-
2. Nutrients: Sugars, amino acids, and lipids
3. Wastes: Carbon dioxide, urea, ammonia
4. Proteins: Albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen “inactive”

Question 14

What is an edema?

Answer 14

Swelling caused by fluid buildup in body’s tissue

Question 15

What is macrocytic anemia?

Answer 15

Red blood cells are larger than 8 micrometers; cannot deliver oxygen

Question 16

What is microcytic anemia?

Answer 16

Red blood cells that are too tiny to carry oxygen

Question 17

What two things affect red blood cells?

Answer 17

1. shape
2. size

Question 18

Which white blood cells have blue granules?

Answer 18

Basophil

Question 19

Which white blood cells have red granules?

Answer 19

Eosinophils

Question 20

Which white blood cells have red and blue granules?

Answer 20

Neutrophils

Question 21

What is the function of the basophil?

Answer 21

Releases/secretes histamine

Question 22

What is the function of the eosinophil?

Answer 22

Associated with mechanisms of allergies

Question 23

What is the function of the monocyte?

Answer 23

Phagocytosis

Question 24

What is the function of the lymphocyte?

Answer 24

Professional killer of the invaders