Special Sense Extra Flashcards
What microscopic structure that Bare dendrites associated with pain, thermal, tickle, itch, and some touch sensations?
Free nerve endings (nonencapsulated)
What microscopic structure that Dendrites enclosed in connective tissue capsule for pressure, vibration, and some touch sensations?
Encapsulated nerve endings
What microscopic structure that Receptor cells synapse with first-order sensory neurons; located in retina of eye, inner ear, and taste buds of tongue?
Separate cells
What microscopic structure that Receptor cells synapse with first-order sensory neurons; located in retina of eye (photoreceptors), inner ear (hair cells), and taste buds of tongue (gustatory receptor cells).
Which receptor location and activating stimuli is located at or near body surface; sensitive to stimuli originating outside body; provide information about external environment; convey visual, smell, taste, touch, pressure, vibration, thermal, and pain sensations?
Exteroceptors
Which receptor location and activating stimuli is located in blood vessels, visceral organs, and nervous system; provide information about internal environment; impulses usually are not consciously perceived but occasionally may be felt as pain or pressure.
Interoceptors
Which receptor location and activating stimuli is located in muscles, tendons, joints, and inner ear; provide information about body position, muscle length and tension, position and motion of joints, and equilibrium?
Proprioceptors
What type of stimulus detect mechanical stimuli; provide sensations of touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception, and hearing and equilibrium; also monitor stretching of blood vessels and internal organs?
Mechanoreceptors
What type of stimulus detect changes in temperature?
Thermoreceptors
What type of stimulus Respond to painful stimuli resulting from physical or chemical damage to tissue?
Nociceptors
What type of stimulus detect light that strikes the retina of the eye?
Photoreceptors
What type of stimulus detect chemicals in mouth, nose, and body fluids?
Chemoreceptors
What type of stimulus detect chemicals in mouth (taste), nose (smell), and body fluids?
What type of stimulus has a sense osmotic pressure of body fluids?
Osmoreceptors
Capsule surrounds mass of dendrites in dermal papillae of hairless skin.
What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?
Receptor Type: Corpuscles of touch (Meissner corpuscles)
Sensation: Onset of touch and low- frequency vibrations.
Adaptation Rate: Rapid
Free nerve endings wrapped around hair follicles in skin.
What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?
Receptor Type: Hair root plexuses
Sensation: Movements on skin surface that disturb hairs
Adaptation Rate: Rapid
Saucer-shaped free nerve endings make contact with tactile epithelial cells in epidermis.
What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?
Receptor Type: Type I cutaneous mechanoreceptors (tactile discs)
Sensation: Continuous touch and pressure
Adaptation Rate: Slow
Elongated capsule surrounds dendrites deep in dermis and in ligaments and tendons.
What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?
Receptor Type: Type II cutaneous mechanoreceptors (Ruffini corpuscles)
Sensation: Skin stretching and pressure
Adaptation Rate: Slow
Oval, layered capsule surrounds dendrites; present in dermis and subcutaneous layer, submucosal tissues, joints, periosteum, and some viscera.
What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?
Receptor Type: Lamellated (pacinian) corpuscles
Sensation: High-frequency vibrations
Adaptation Rate: Rapid
Free nerve endings in skin and mucous membranes.
What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?
Receptor Type: Itch and tickle receptors
Sensation: Itching and tickling.
Adaptation Rate: Both slow and rapid.
Free nerve endings in skin and mucous membranes of mouth, vagina, and anus.
What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?
Receptor Type: Warm receptors
and cold receptors
Sensation: Warmth or cold
Adaptation Rate: Initially rapid, then slow
What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?
Free nerve endings in every body tissue except brain.
Receptor Type: Nociceptors
Sensation: Pain
Adaptation Rate: Slow
Sensory nerve endings wrap around central area of encapsulated intrafusal muscle fibers within most skeletal muscles.
What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?
Receptor Type: Muscle spindles
Sensation: Muscle length
Adaptation Rate: Slow
Capsule encloses collagen fibers and sensory nerve endings at junction of tendon and muscle.
What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?
Receptor Type: Tendon organs
Sensation: Muscle tension
Adaptation Rate: Slow
What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?
Lamellated corpuscles, type II cutaneous mechanoreceptors, tendon organs, and free nerve endings
Receptor Type: Joint kinesthetic receptors
Sensation: Joint position and movement
Adaptation Rate: Rapid
What fibrous tunic admits and refracts light?
Cornea
Refracts(bends)
What fibrous tunic provides shape and protects inner parts?
Sclera
What vascular tunic regulates amount of light that enters eyeball?
Iris
What vascular tunic secretes aqueous humor and alters shape of lens for near or far vision?
Ciliary body
(Accomodation)
What vascular tunic provides blood supply and absorbs scattered light?
Choroid
What receives light and converts it into receptor potentials and nerve impulses. Output to brain via axons of ganglion cells, which form CN2
Retina
What Refracts light?
Lens
What contains aqueous humor that helps maintain shape of eyeball and supplies oxygen and nutrients to lens and cornea?
Anterior cavity
What contains vitreous body that helps maintain shape of eyeball and keeps retina attached to choroid?
Vitreous chamber
What is the term in the external ear that collects sound waves?
Auricle (pinna)
What is the term in the external ear that directs sound waves to eardrum?
External auditory canal (external auditory meatus)
What is the term in the external ear that sound waves cause it to vibrate, which in turn causes malleus to vibrate?
Tympanic membrane (eardrum)
What is the term in the middle ear that transmit and amplify vibrations from tympanic membrane to oval window?
Auditory ossicles
What is the term in the middle ear that Equalizes air pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane.
Auditory tube (eustachian tube)
What is the term in the internal ear that Contains a series of fluids, channels, and membranes that transmit vibrations to spiral organ, the organ of hearing; hair cells in spiral organ produce receptor potentials, which elicit nerve impulses in cochlear branch of vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve?
Cochlea:
What is the term in the internal ear that Includes semicircular ducts, utricle, and saccule, which generate nerve impulses that propagate along vestibular branch of vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve?
Vestibular apparatus
What is the term in the internal ear that detect rotational acceleration or deceleration.
Semicircular ducts
What is the term in the internal ear that detects linear acceleration or deceleration that occurs in a horizontal direction and also head tilt?
Utricle
What is the term in the internal ear that detects linear acceleration or deceleration that occurs in a vertical direction?
Saccule
