Special Sense Extra

Question 1

What microscopic structure that Bare dendrites associated with pain, thermal, tickle, itch, and some touch sensations?

Answer 1

Free nerve endings (nonencapsulated)

Question 2

What microscopic structure that Dendrites enclosed in connective tissue capsule for pressure, vibration, and some touch sensations?

Answer 2

Encapsulated nerve endings

Question 3

What microscopic structure that Receptor cells synapse with first-order sensory neurons; located in retina of eye, inner ear, and taste buds of tongue?

Answer 3

Separate cells

What microscopic structure that Receptor cells synapse with first-order sensory neurons; located in retina of eye (photoreceptors), inner ear (hair cells), and taste buds of tongue (gustatory receptor cells).

Question 4

Which receptor location and activating stimuli is located at or near body surface; sensitive to stimuli originating outside body; provide information about external environment; convey visual, smell, taste, touch, pressure, vibration, thermal, and pain sensations?

Answer 4

Exteroceptors

Question 5

Which receptor location and activating stimuli is located in blood vessels, visceral organs, and nervous system; provide information about internal environment; impulses usually are not consciously perceived but occasionally may be felt as pain or pressure.

Answer 5

Interoceptors

Question 6

Which receptor location and activating stimuli is located in muscles, tendons, joints, and inner ear; provide information about body position, muscle length and tension, position and motion of joints, and equilibrium?

Answer 6

Proprioceptors

Question 7

What type of stimulus detect mechanical stimuli; provide sensations of touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception, and hearing and equilibrium; also monitor stretching of blood vessels and internal organs?

Answer 7

Mechanoreceptors

Question 8

What type of stimulus detect changes in temperature?

Answer 8

Thermoreceptors

Question 9

What type of stimulus Respond to painful stimuli resulting from physical or chemical damage to tissue?

Answer 9

Nociceptors

Question 10

What type of stimulus detect light that strikes the retina of the eye?

Answer 10

Photoreceptors

Question 11

What type of stimulus detect chemicals in mouth, nose, and body fluids?

Answer 11

Chemoreceptors

What type of stimulus detect chemicals in mouth (taste), nose (smell), and body fluids?

Question 12

What type of stimulus has a sense osmotic pressure of body fluids?

Answer 12

Osmoreceptors

Question 13

Capsule surrounds mass of dendrites in dermal papillae of hairless skin.

What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?

Answer 13

Receptor Type: Corpuscles of touch (Meissner corpuscles)
Sensation: Onset of touch and low- frequency vibrations.
Adaptation Rate: Rapid

Question 14

Free nerve endings wrapped around hair follicles in skin.

What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?

Answer 14

Receptor Type: Hair root plexuses
Sensation: Movements on skin surface that disturb hairs
Adaptation Rate: Rapid

Question 15

Saucer-shaped free nerve endings make contact with tactile epithelial cells in epidermis.

What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?

Answer 15

Receptor Type: Type I cutaneous mechanoreceptors (tactile discs)
Sensation: Continuous touch and pressure
Adaptation Rate: Slow

Question 16

Elongated capsule surrounds dendrites deep in dermis and in ligaments and tendons.

What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?

Answer 16

Receptor Type: Type II cutaneous mechanoreceptors (Ruffini corpuscles)
Sensation: Skin stretching and pressure
Adaptation Rate: Slow

Question 17

Oval, layered capsule surrounds dendrites; present in dermis and subcutaneous layer, submucosal tissues, joints, periosteum, and some viscera.

What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?

Answer 17

Receptor Type: Lamellated (pacinian) corpuscles
Sensation: High-frequency vibrations
Adaptation Rate: Rapid

Question 18

Free nerve endings in skin and mucous membranes.

What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?

Answer 18

Receptor Type: Itch and tickle receptors
Sensation: Itching and tickling.
Adaptation Rate: Both slow and rapid.

Question 19

Free nerve endings in skin and mucous membranes of mouth, vagina, and anus.

What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?

Answer 19

Receptor Type: Warm receptors
and cold receptors
Sensation: Warmth or cold
Adaptation Rate: Initially rapid, then slow

Question 20

What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?

Free nerve endings in every body tissue except brain.

Answer 20

Receptor Type: Nociceptors
Sensation: Pain
Adaptation Rate: Slow

Question 21

Sensory nerve endings wrap around central area of encapsulated intrafusal muscle fibers within most skeletal muscles.

What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?

Answer 21

Receptor Type: Muscle spindles
Sensation: Muscle length
Adaptation Rate: Slow

Question 22

Capsule encloses collagen fibers and sensory nerve endings at junction of tendon and muscle.

What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?

Answer 22

Receptor Type: Tendon organs
Sensation: Muscle tension
Adaptation Rate: Slow

Question 23

What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?

Lamellated corpuscles, type II cutaneous mechanoreceptors, tendon organs, and free nerve endings

Answer 23

Receptor Type: Joint kinesthetic receptors
Sensation: Joint position and movement
Adaptation Rate: Rapid

Question 24

What fibrous tunic admits and refracts light?

Answer 24

Cornea

Refracts(bends)

Question 25

What fibrous tunic provides shape and protects inner parts?

Answer 25

Sclera

Question 26

What vascular tunic regulates amount of light that enters eyeball?

Answer 26

Iris

Question 27

What vascular tunic secretes aqueous humor and alters shape of lens for near or far vision?

Answer 27

Ciliary body (Accomodation)

Question 28

What vascular tunic provides blood supply and absorbs scattered light?

Answer 28

Choroid

Question 29

What receives light and converts it into receptor potentials and nerve impulses. Output to brain via axons of ganglion cells, which form CN2

Answer 29

Retina

Question 30

What Refracts light?

Answer 30

Lens

Question 31

What contains aqueous humor that helps maintain shape of eyeball and supplies oxygen and nutrients to lens and cornea?

Answer 31

Anterior cavity

Question 32

What contains vitreous body that helps maintain shape of eyeball and keeps retina attached to choroid?

Answer 32

Vitreous chamber

Question 33

What is the term in the external ear that collects sound waves?

Answer 33

Auricle (pinna)

Question 34

What is the term in the external ear that directs sound waves to eardrum?

Answer 34

External auditory canal (external auditory meatus)

Question 35

What is the term in the external ear that sound waves cause it to vibrate, which in turn causes malleus to vibrate?

Answer 35

Tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Question 36

What is the term in the middle ear that transmit and amplify vibrations from tympanic membrane to oval window?

Answer 36

Auditory ossicles

Question 37

What is the term in the middle ear that Equalizes air pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane.

Answer 37

Auditory tube (eustachian tube)

Question 38

What is the term in the internal ear that Contains a series of fluids, channels, and membranes that transmit vibrations to spiral organ, the organ of hearing; hair cells in spiral organ produce receptor potentials, which elicit nerve impulses in cochlear branch of vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve?

Answer 38

Cochlea:

Question 39

What is the term in the internal ear that Includes semicircular ducts, utricle, and saccule, which generate nerve impulses that propagate along vestibular branch of vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve?

Answer 39

Vestibular apparatus

Question 40

What is the term in the internal ear that detect rotational acceleration or deceleration.

Answer 40

Semicircular ducts

Question 41

What is the term in the internal ear that detects linear acceleration or deceleration that occurs in a horizontal direction and also head tilt?

Answer 41

Utricle

Question 42

What is the term in the internal ear that detects linear acceleration or deceleration that occurs in a vertical direction?

Answer 42

Saccule