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Lesson 5 - Factors Affecting Bone Growth Flashcards

1
Q

________ and _________ are essential for bone growth during development and continue to be necessary during bone remodeling.

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

A

Calcium and Phosphorus

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2
Q

Stimulates osteoblast activity.

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

A

Vitamin A

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3
Q

Essential for collagen synthesis, a primary bone protein.

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

A

Vitamin C

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4
Q

Enhances calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream, aiding in bone formation.

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

A

Vitamin D

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5
Q

Needed for bone protein synthesis.

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

A

Vitamins K and B12

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6
Q

Produced by the liver and bone tissue

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

A

Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)

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7
Q

stimulate osteoblasts, cell division at the epiphyseal plate, and protein synthesis for new bone.

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

A

Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)

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8
Q

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

A

Growth Hormone (GH)

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9
Q

triggers IGF production.

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

A

Growth Hormone (GH)

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10
Q

From the thyroid gland

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

A

Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)

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11
Q

stimulate osteoblasts and bone growth

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

A

Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)

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12
Q

From the pancreas

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

A

Insulin

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13
Q

promotes bone growth by increasing bone protein synthesis.

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

A

Insulin

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14
Q

Blood vessels penetrate the fracture hematoma.

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

A

Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation:

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15
Q

Fibroblasts from periosteum invade and produce collagen fibers, while cells develop into chondroblasts forming fibrocartilage, creating a soft callus that bridges the broken bone ends.

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

A

Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation:

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16
Q

Osteoprogenitor cells near healthy bone develop into osteoblasts.

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

A

Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation:

17
Q

Osteoblasts produce spongy bone trabeculae, connecting living and dead portions of the original bone.

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

A

Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation:

18
Q

Fibrocartilage converts into spongy bone, forming a hard bony callus.

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

A

Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation:

19
Q

Osteoclasts resorb dead bone fragments, and compact bone replaces spongy bone at the fracture’s periphery.

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

A

Bone Remodeling Phase

20
Q

Healing may lead to the disappearance of the fracture line, leaving a thickened area as evidence.

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

A

Bone Remodeling Phase

21
Q

Broken bone ends protrude through the skin; closed (simple) fractures do not break the skin

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

A

Open (Compound)

22
Q

Bone is splintered, crushed,
or broken into pieces, with smaller fragments between the main ones.

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

A

Comminuted

23
Q

Partial fracture where one side
of the bone breaks, while the other side bends; occurs in children due to less ossified bones.

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

A

Greenstick

24
Q

One end of the bone is forcefully driven into the interior of the other.

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

25
Q

Fracture of the distal end of the lateral leg bone (fibula) with significant injury to the distal tibial joint

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

26
Q

Fracture of the distal end of the lateral forearm bone (radius), with the distal fragment displaced posteriorly.

Choice’s
- Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- Calcium
- Colles
- Minerals
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Phosphorus
- Pott
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin B12
- Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
- Insulin
- Reparative Phase: Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
- Reparative Phase: Bony Callus Formation
- Bone Remodeling Phase
- Open (Compound)
- Comminuted
- Greenstick
- Impacted

ANAPHYSIO (27 decks)

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