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ANAPHYSIO > Lesson 2 - Orientation to the Human Body > Flashcards

Lesson 2 - Orientation to the Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

complete name of instructor

A

Daniel Dominick G Te

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2
Q

study of embryonic development

A

Embryology

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3
Q

study of the complete development of an individual from fertilization to death ?

A

Developmental Biology

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4
Q

study if cellular structure and functions

A

Cell biology

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5
Q

study of microscopic structure of tissues

A

Histology

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6
Q

study of structured that can be examined without a microscope

A

Gross Anatomy

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7
Q

study of structure of specific systems of the body such as the nervous or respiratory

A

Systemic Anatomy

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8
Q

Study of specific regions of the body such as the head or chest

A

regional anatomy

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9
Q

study of surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpitations

A

surface anatomy

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10
Q

study of internal body structures that can be visualized with techniques such as x-rays, MRI, CT-scan, and other technologies for clinical analysis

A

imaging anatomy

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11
Q

study of structural changes associated with disease

A

pathological anatomy

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12
Q

study of functions of individual molecules such as proteins and DNA

A

Molecular physiology

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13
Q

study of functional properties of nerve cells

A

Neurophysiology

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14
Q

study of hormones and how they control body functions

A

endocrinology

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15
Q

study of functions of the heart and blood vessels

A

Cardiovascular physiology

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16
Q

Study of the body defenses against disease-causing agents

A

Immunology

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17
Q

study of functions of the air passageways and lungs

A

respiratory physiology

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18
Q

study of functions of the kidneys

A

Renal physiology

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19
Q

study of the changes in the cell and organ functions due to physical activity

A

Exercise physiology

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20
Q

study of functional changes associated with disease and aging

A

Pathophysiology

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21
Q

the very basic level which includes atoms, the smallest units of matter that participate in chemical reactions, and molecules, two or more atoms joined together

A

Chemical level

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22
Q

molecules combine to form cells, the basic structural and functional units of an organism that are composed of chemicals

A

Cellular level

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23
Q

groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function

A

Tissue level

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24
Q

different types of tissues are joined together that have specific functions and usually have recognizable shapes

A

Organ level

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25
Q

consists of related organs with a common function

A

System level

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26
Q

any living individual; all the parts of the human body functioning together constitute the total organism

A

Organismal level

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27
Q

Level Of Structural organization (7 steps)

A

Atom - Molecule - Cell - Tissue - Organ - Organ System - Organism

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28
Q

sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body

A

Metabolism

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29
Q

types of chemical processes that occur in the body (2pts)

A

Catabolism and Anabolism

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30
Q

body’s ability to detect and respond to changes

A

Responsiveness

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31
Q

motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and even tiny structures inside cells

A

Movement

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32
Q

increase in body size that results from an increase in the size of existing cells, an increase in the number of cells, or both

A

Growth

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33
Q

development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state

A

Differentiation

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34
Q

refers either to the formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair or replacement, or the production of a new individual

A

Reproduction

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35
Q

is the maintenance of relatively stable conditions in the body’s internal environment

A

Homeostasis

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36
Q

Occurs because of the ceaseless interplay of the body’s regulatory systems, and is a dynamic condition

A

Homeostasis

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37
Q

An important aspect of _______________ is maintaining the volume and composition of body fluids

A

Homeostasis

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38
Q

The body can regulate its internal environment through what ?

A

Many feedback systems

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39
Q

It is a cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored, re-evaluated, and so on

A

Feedback System

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40
Q

what do you call a monitored variable?

A

controlled condition

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41
Q

any disruption that changes a controlled condition

A

Stimulus

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42
Q

monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends input to a control center

A

Receptor

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43
Q

sets the narrow range or set point within which a controlled condition should be maintained

A

Control Center

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44
Q

receives output from the control center and produces a response or effect that changes the controlled condition

A

Effector

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45
Q

Reverses a change in a controlled condition

A

Negative Feedback System

46
Q

Strengthens or reinforces change in a controlled condition

A

Positive Feedback System

47
Q

Failure of the human body to maintain the physiological processes

A

Homeostatic Imbalances

48
Q

an abnormality of structure of function results to what?

49
Q

is a more specific term for an illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms

50
Q

subjective changes in a body part of function

51
Q

objective changes observable by clinicians

52
Q

standard position of reference when describing any region or part of the human body

A

Anatomical position

53
Q

body is lying facedown/on belly

54
Q

body is lying faceup/on back

55
Q

the body is lain supine, or flat on the back on a 15–30 degree incline with the feet elevated above the head.

A

Trendelenburg position

56
Q

The bed angle is between 45 degrees and 60 degrees. The legs of the patient may be straight or slightly bent.

A

Fowlers Position

57
Q

also known as sitting position

A

Fowler’s

58
Q

the patient is lying on their right side

A

Right Lateral Recumbent

59
Q

the patient is lying on their left side

A

Left Lateral Recumbent

60
Q

the patient is supine on the table with their head declined below their feet at an angle of roughly 16

A

Trendelenburg Position

61
Q

Refers to the arms and everything from the shoulders down to the hands

A

Upper limb/extremities (UE)

62
Q

Refers to the legs and everything from the hips down to the feet

A

Lower limb/extremities (LE)

63
Q

The region of the body that contains the skull, face, and associated structures.

64
Q

The area connecting the head to the rest of the body, composed of the cervical spine and soft tissues.

65
Q

The central portion of the body, excluding the head, neck, and limbs. It includes the chest, abdomen, and pelvis.

66
Q

a location above or higher in position

67
Q

your head is ________ to your shoulders.

68
Q

front or the direction toward the front of the body

69
Q

The chest is on the ________ side of the body

70
Q

the back or the direction toward the back of the body

71
Q

The spine is located on the ________ side of the body

72
Q

position closer to the midline of the body

73
Q

your nose is more _________ compared to your ears.

74
Q

position farther away from the midline of the body

75
Q

Your ears are considered _____________ in relation to your nose

76
Q

describes a position between two structures

A

Intermediate

77
Q

If there’s a structure between your wrist and your elbow, it’s in a _______________ position

A

intermediate

78
Q

structures on the same side of the body

A

Ipsilateral

79
Q

your right hand and right foot are in a _______________ position

A

Ipsilateral

80
Q

structures are on opposite sides of the body

A

Contralateral

81
Q

Your right hand and left foot are in a _____________ position

A

Contralateral

82
Q

location closer to the point of attachment or origin

83
Q

Your elbow is in a ____________ position to your wrist

84
Q

location farther away from the point of attachment or origin

85
Q

Your fingers are _________ to your wrist.

86
Q

a location closer to the surface of the body.

A

Superficial

87
Q

A scratch on your skin is a _________ injury.

A

Superficial

88
Q

a location farther away from the surface

89
Q

Your heart is ________ within your chest

90
Q

divides the body/organ into right and left side

A

Sagittal plane

91
Q

divides the body/organ into anterior and posterior portions

A

Frontal/Coronal plane

92
Q

divides the body/organ into superior and inferior portions

A

Transverse plane

93
Q

equal

A

Midsagittal

94
Q

unequal

A

Parasagittal

95
Q

contains the brain

A

Cranial cavity

96
Q

contains the spinal cord

A

Vertebral canal

97
Q

chest cavity

A

Thoracic cavity

98
Q

surrounds the lungs

A

Pleural cavity

99
Q

surrounds the heart

A

Pericardial cavity

100
Q

contains the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels

A

Mediastinum

101
Q

contains the urinary bladder, part of the large intestine, and organs of reproduction

A

Pelvic Cavity

102
Q

Abdominopelvic Regions: Top Left

A

Left Hypochondriac Region

103
Q

Abdominopelvic Regions: Top Mid

A

Epigastric Region

104
Q

Abdominopelvic Regions: Top Right

A

Right Hypochondriac Region

105
Q

Abdominopelvic Regions: Mid

A

Umbilical Region

106
Q

Abdominopelvic Regions: Mid Left

A

Left Lumbar Region

107
Q

Abdominopelvic Regions: Mid Right

A

Right Lumbar Region

108
Q

Abdominopelvic Regions: Bot Mid

A

Hypogastric Region

109
Q

Abdominopelvic Regions: Bot Right

A

Right Iliac Region

110
Q

Abdominopelvic Regions: Bot Left

A

Left iliac region

111
Q

Abdominopelvic Regions (4QUADRANTS): Top Left

A

Left upper quadrant

ANAPHYSIO (27 decks)

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