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ANAPHYSIO > Lesson 4 - Integ System Book > Flashcards

Lesson 4 - Integ System Book Flashcards

1
Q

contributes to homeostasis by protecting the body and helping regulate body temperature. It also allows you to sense pleasurable, painful, and other stimuli in your external environment.

A

The integumentary system

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2
Q

Why is it so difficult to save the life of someone with extensive third-degree burns ?

A

Because of the following,
- infection risk
- fluid loss
- thermoregulation
- organ damage
- pain management
- nutritional support
- long term care

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3
Q

Functions of the Integumentary System (6)

A
  • Regulates body temperature
  • stores blood
  • protects body from external environment
  • detects cutaneous sensations
  • excretes and absorbs substances
  • synthesizes9 vitamin D
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4
Q

serves as a storage depot for fat and contains large blood vessels that supply the skin

A

Subcutaneous layer

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5
Q

Contains nerve endings

A

Lamellated corpuscles

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6
Q

contains keratinocytes, melanocytes, intraepidermal macrophages, and tactile epithelial

A

Epidermis

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7
Q

90% of epidermal cells

A

keratinocytes

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8
Q

Keratinocytes are arranged in ___ to ____ layers and produce the protein keratin

A

4 to 5 layers

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9
Q

About 8% of the epidermal cells are what?

A

melanocytes

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10
Q

arise from red bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis

A

Intraepidermal macrophages or Langerhans cells

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11
Q

White blood cells / immunity

A

Intraepidermal macrophages or Langerhans cells

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12
Q

Detect touch sensations

A

Tactile Epithelial Cells

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13
Q

Exposure to friction is greatest (skin)

A

Thick Skin

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14
Q

Covers all body regions except the palms, palmar surfaces of digits, and soles

A

Thin Skin

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15
Q
  • Stratum basale
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum granulosum
  • (Thin) Stratum corneum
A

Thin Skin

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16
Q
  • Stratum basale
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum lucidum
  • (Thick) Stratum corneum
A

Thick Skin

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17
Q

Epidermal ridges present due to well developed and more numerous dermal papillae organized in parallel rows

A

Thick Skin

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18
Q

Epidermal ridges Lacking due to poorly developed, fewer and less well organized dermal papillae

A

Thin Skin

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19
Q

Hair follicles and arrector pili muscles are Absent

A

Thick Skin

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20
Q

Sebaceous glands are present (skin)

A

Thin Skin

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21
Q

Sensory receptors are sparser

A

Thin Skin

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22
Q

Deepest layer composed of single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes that contain scattered keratin intermediate filaments (tonofilaments)

A

Basale

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23
Q

8 to 10 rows of many sided keratinocytes with bundles of keratin intermediate filaments

A

Spinosum

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24
Q

Three to five rows of flattened keratinocytes, in which organelles are beginning to degenerate

A

Granulosum

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25
Q

Present only in skin of fingertips, palms and soles

A

Lucidom

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26
Q

Few to 50 or more rows of dead, flat keratinocytes

A

Corneum

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27
Q

Stratum: stem cells undergo cell division to produce new keratinocytes; melanocytes and tactile epithelial cells associated with tactile discs are scattered among keratinocytess

A

Basale

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28
Q

Stratum: contains projections of melanocytes and intraepidermal macrophages

A

Spinosum

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29
Q

Stratum: cells contain the protein keratohyalin and lamellar granules

A

Granulosum

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30
Q

Stratum: consists of four to six rows of clear, flat, dead keratinocytes with large amounts of keratin

A

Lucidum

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31
Q

Can Love Get So Bony

A
  • Corneum
  • Lucidum
  • Granulosum
  • Spinosum
  • Basale
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32
Q

Newly formed cells in the stratum basale are slowly pushed to the surface where, as the cells move from one epidermal layer, they accumulate more and more keratin
From _______________ to _______________ to ______________

A

Keratinization to Apoptosis to slough off

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33
Q

Duration: _____ to ______ weeks in an average epidermis of .1mm from keratinization to apoptosis to slough off

A

4 to 6 weeks

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34
Q

Excessive keratinized cells shed from the skin of the scalp

A

Dandruff

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35
Q

Dead Keratin Layers Is Located In which Stratum ?

A

Stratum Corneum

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36
Q

Lamellar Granule Is Located In which Stratum ?

A

Stratum Lucidum

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37
Q

Desmosome, Langerhans cell and Keratinocyte Is Located In which Stratum ?

A

Stratum Spinosum

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38
Q

Melanocyte Is Located In which Stratum ?

A

Stratum Basale

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39
Q

A common and chronic skin disorder in which keratinocytes divide and move more quickly than normal from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum

A

Psoriasis

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40
Q

Thickening of Corneuom

A

Psoriasis

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41
Q
  • Composed of connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers
  • Blood vessels, nerves, glands, and hair follicles
A

Dermis

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42
Q

What Region?

  • Dermal papillae
  • Corpuscles of touch or Meissner corpuscles
  • Free nerve endings
A

Papillary Region

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43
Q

What Region?

  • Contains bundles of thick collagen fibers, scattered fibroblasts, and various wandering cells
  • Some adipose cells & along with some coarse elastic fibers
  • Extensibility & Elasticity
A

Reticular Region

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44
Q

What Region?

Deeper Portion of dermis consists of dense irregular connective tissue with bundles of thick collagen and some coarse elastic fibers. Space between fibers contain some adipose cells, hair follicles, nerve, sebaceous glands, and sudoriferous glands.

A

Reticular Region

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45
Q

Superficial portion of dermis consists of areolar connective tissue with thin collagen and fine elastic fibers; contains dermal ridges that house blood capillaries, corpuscles of touch, and free nerve endings.

A

Papillary Region

46
Q
  • A form of internal scarring
  • Initially appear as reddish streaks and later, after
    scar forms at these sites of dermal breakdown, the
    stretch marks appear as silvery white streaks
  • Often occur in the abdominal skin during
    pregnancy, on the skin of weight lifters, stretched skin accompanying gross obesity
A

Stretch Marks or Striae Marks

47
Q
  • Surfaces of the palms, fingers, soles, and toes have a series of ridges and grooves
  • Ridges are produced during the third month of fetal development as downward projections of the epidermis into the dermis between the dermal papillae of the papillary region
A

Epidermal Ridges

48
Q

the ducts of sweat glands open on the tops of the epidermal ridges as sweat pores, the sweat and ridges form ___________ or _________

A

Finger Prints or Foot Prints

49
Q

study of pattern of epidermal ridges

A

Dermatoglyphics

50
Q

Melanin thats yellow to red

A

Pheomelanin

51
Q

Melanin thats brown to black

A

Eumelanin

52
Q

red pigment in RBCs

A

Hemoglobin

53
Q

yellow-orange pigment
stored in the stratum corneum and adipose tissue

A

Carotene

54
Q

A congenital disorder characterized by the complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes due to a defect of an enzyme involved in the production of melanin

A

Albinism

55
Q
  • A chronic disorder that causes depigmentation patches in the skin
  • The precise cause is not known, but
    is most likely a combination of genetic factors coupled with a disorder of the immune system (autoimmune disease)
A

Vitiligo

56
Q
  • Skin appears bluish
  • Blood is not picking up an adequate
    amount of oxygen from the lungs
A

Cyanotic

57
Q
  • Due to a buildup of the yellow pigment bilirubin in the skin
  • Gives a yellowish appearance to the skin and the whites of the eyes and usually indicates liver disease
A

Jaundice

58
Q

Redness of the skin

A

Erythema

59
Q

Paleness of the skin
- May occur in conditions
such as shock and anemia

A

Pallor

60
Q

Hypodermis also called

A

Subcutaneous layer

61
Q

Attaches the skin to underlying tissues and organs

A

Subcutaneous tissue layer

62
Q
  • Present on most body surfaces except the palms and palmar surfaces of fingers as well as the soles and plantar surfaces of the feet
  • Composed of dead, keratinized epidermal cells
  • Genetic and hormonal influences determine the thickness and distribution
A

Hair or pili

63
Q

The parts of a hair include: above the skin surface

A

The shaft

64
Q

The parts of a hair include: below the level of the skin

A

The follicle

65
Q

root that penetrates into the dermis

A

Epithelial and dermal root shealth

66
Q
  • A substance that removes hair
  • Dissolves the protein in the hair shaft turning
    it into a gelatinous mass that can be wiped away regrowth of the hair occurs
A

Depilatory

67
Q
  • An electric current is used to destroy the hair matrix so the hair cannot regrow
A

Electrocytes

68
Q

Stage that Cells of the hair matrix divide

A

Growth stage

69
Q

Stage of Cells of the hair matrix stop dividing, the hair follicle atrophies (shrinks) & the hair stops growing

A

Regression stage

70
Q

Scalp hair stage: 2 to 6 years

A

Growth stage

71
Q

Scalp hair stage 2 to 3 weeks

A

Regression Stage

72
Q

Scalp hair stage 3 months

A

Resting stage

73
Q

Normal hair loss in the adult scalp is about ____ to _____ hairs per day

A

70 to 100 per day

74
Q

True or False ? Rate of shedding also increases for three to four months after childbirth

A

True

75
Q

Excessive body hair or body hair in areas that usually are not hairy

A

Hirsutism

76
Q
  • Male pattern baldness
  • First drug approved for enhancing scalp
    hair growth was minoxidil (Rogaine)
A

Androgenic

77
Q
  • Female pattern baldness
  • First drug approved for enhancing scalp
    hair growth was minoxidil (Rogaine)
A

Alopecia

78
Q

Prior to birth, the lanugo of the eyebrows, eyelashes, and scalp are shed and replaced by long, coarse, heavily pigmented hairs called

A

Terminal Hairs

79
Q

the follicles produce very fine, nonpigmented, downy hairs called ___________ that cover the body of the fetus

A

Lanugo

80
Q

The lanugo of the rest of the body are replaced by ___________ hairs commonly called “peach fuzz,” which are short, fine, pale hairs that are barely visible to the naked eye

A

Vellus

81
Q

Deeper dyes

A

Semipermanent dyes

82
Q

Color that indicates lack if melanin

A

Gray/white

83
Q

3 types of sweat glands

A
  • Sebaceous Glands (oil)
  • Sudoriferous Glands (sweat)
  • Ceraminous Glands (earwax)
84
Q

Simple branched acinar glands connected to hair follicles

A

Sebaceous Glands

85
Q

Eccrine Sweat Glands & Apocrine Swear Glands are both _________________

A

Sudoriferous Glands

86
Q

Modified sweat glands located in the ear canal

A

Ceruminous Glands

87
Q

Apocrine: Bacteria

A

Musky Odor

88
Q

Eccrine: Main function: Regulate body temperature
through evaporation

A

Thermoregulatory Sweating

89
Q

sweat that evaporates from the skin before it is perceived

A

Insensible Perspiration

90
Q

sweat that is excreted in larger amounts and
is seen as moisture on skin

A

Sensible Perspiration

91
Q

Response to emotional stress

A

Emotional Sweating / Cold Sweat

92
Q

An inflammation of sebaceous glands that usually begins at puberty

A

Acne

93
Q

the infection may cause a cyst or sac of connective tissue cells to
form (can destroy and displace epidermal cells); can permanently scar the epidermis

A

Cystic Acne

94
Q
  • Abnormally large amount of cerumen in the external auditory canal
  • If it accumulates until it becomes impacted (firmly wedged), sound waves may be prevented from reaching the eardrum
  • Treatment periodic ear irrigation with enzymes to dissolve the wax and removal of wax with a blunt instrument by trained medical personnel
A

Impacted Cerumen

95
Q

True Or False ? The use of cotton tipped swabs or sharp objects is recommended for this purpose because they may clean the cerumen, external auditory canal and the eardrum

A

False

They may push the cerumen further into the external auditory canal and damage the eardrum

96
Q
  • Plates of tightly packed, hard, dead, keratinized epidermal cells that form a clear, solid covering over the dorsal surfaces of the distal portions of the digits
A

Nails

97
Q
  • Occurs when superficial wounds affect only the epidermis
  • Involve only slight damage to superficial epidermal cells
  • Common types of epidermal wounds include abrasions, in which a portion
    of skin has been scraped away, and minor burns
A

Epidermal Wound Healing

98
Q

Four phases of wound healing:

A

Inflammatory Phase
Migratory Phase
Prouferative Phase
Remodeling Phase

99
Q

A scar that makes a visible bulging line

A

Keloid

100
Q

A scar that isnt bulging out

A

Hypertrophic Scars

101
Q

Epidermis develops from __________

A

Ectoderm

102
Q

Dermis develops from _______

A

Mesoderm

103
Q

When your old, Dehydration and cracking
- Sweat production ________
- Number of functional melanocytes ________ resulting
in gray hair and atypical skin pigmentation

A

Decrease
Decrease

104
Q
  • A skin condition that affects mostly light skinned adults between the ages of 30 and 60
  • It is characterized by redness, tiny pimples, and noticeable blood vessels, usually in the central area of the face
A

Rosacea

105
Q

Disorder when Excessive exposure to ultraviolet light

A

Skin Cancer

106
Q

3 major types of skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma

107
Q

Tissue damage caused by excessive heat, electricity, radioactivity, or corrosive chemicals that denature (break down) the proteins in the skin cells
- Graded according to their severity

A

Burns

108
Q

The___________ is used to estimate the surface area of an adult affected by a burn

A

Rule of 9

109
Q
  • With age, there is an increased susceptibility to pressure ulcers (“bed sores”)
  • When shedding of epithelium caused by a deficiency of blood flow to tissues occurs, pressure ulcers can develop
A

Pressure Ulcer

110
Q

Shedding of epithelium caused by a constant deficienct=y of blood flow of tissues

A

Pressure ulcer

ANAPHYSIO (27 decks)

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