Special Diets Flashcards

1
Q

Reasons for obesity

A

Overeating
Lack of exercise
Poor nutritional knowledge
Bad eating habits
Emotion reasons
Hormonal imbalance

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2
Q

Problems associated with obesity

A

Heart disease
Diabetes
Stroke
High bp
Gout
Varicose veins
Low self-esteem

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3
Q

Define strict vegetarian

A

A strict vegetarian or vegan does not eat any meat or any animal products

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4
Q

Define lacto-vegetarian

A

A lacto-vegetarian won’t eat meat but will eat animal products

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5
Q

Reasons for vegetarianism

A

Ethical
Health
Religion
Sustainability

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6
Q

Planning meals for vegetarians

A

Extra protein, iron, calcium and vit B
Vegetable protein
Only vegetable fats and stocks
Whole cereals + flours (vit B +fibre)
TVP and Quorn

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7
Q

Dangers of salt

A

Excess can cause: high BP/heart disease/stroke/kidney failure
More salt needed in hot climates

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8
Q

High salt foods

A

Tinned/packet soups
Smoked/tinned food
Processed food
Crisps

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9
Q

Limiting salt intake

A

Use spices/herbs for flavour
Don’t put salt on the table
Use salt substitutes
Avoid convenience/snack foods

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10
Q

Low cholesterol diets

A

Cholesterol is a waxy fat that can build up on artery walls
Cholesterol puts more pressure on the heart and can result in high BP, coronary heart disease/stroke
Cholesterol levels rise because there is too much saturated+hydrogenated fat

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11
Q

How to reduce risk of CHD

A

Reduce intake of saturated + hydrogenated fat
Increase intake of polyunsaturated fats (oily fish)
Eat low fat foods
Don’t smoke/overeat
Exercise regularly

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12
Q

To prevent cholesterol build up, cut down on

A

Meat
Butter, cream, cheese
Shellfish
Eggs

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13
Q

To reduce cholesterol base diet on

A

Fruit + veg
White + oily fish
Chicken
Cereals

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14
Q

Coeliac disease

A

Gluten is a protein found mainly in wheat
Coeliacs have an intolerance to gluten
Gluten will damage the villi in their intestine

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15
Q

Symptoms of Coeliac disease

A

Weight loss
Stomach pains
Anaemia
Children failing to thrive

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16
Q

Treatment of Coeliac disease

A

Exclude foods with gluten from the diet
Cereals such as maize or rice may be used

17
Q

Diabetes cause

A

Diabetes happens when little to no insulin is produced. It can be caused by a gene being triggered by a risk factor (T1+T2) or due to pancreatic injury (T3c)
Insulin is a hormone that controls the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood
If little/no insulin is produced the glucose in the blood will be urinated out

18
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

Little/no insulin produces
More common in kids
Daily injections needed

19
Q

Type 2

A

Insulin can’t be absorbed
More common in older + overweight people but can occur in other groups
Controlled by diet

20
Q

Symptoms of diabetes

A

Hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar)
Hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar)

21
Q

Dietary Treatment

A

Need regular meals to maintain blood sugar
Low sugar high fibre recommended
Sweeteners instead of sugar
Fats breaks down sugar