Special Diets Flashcards
Reasons for obesity
Overeating
Lack of exercise
Poor nutritional knowledge
Bad eating habits
Emotion reasons
Hormonal imbalance
Problems associated with obesity
Heart disease
Diabetes
Stroke
High bp
Gout
Varicose veins
Low self-esteem
Define strict vegetarian
A strict vegetarian or vegan does not eat any meat or any animal products
Define lacto-vegetarian
A lacto-vegetarian won’t eat meat but will eat animal products
Reasons for vegetarianism
Ethical
Health
Religion
Sustainability
Planning meals for vegetarians
Extra protein, iron, calcium and vit B
Vegetable protein
Only vegetable fats and stocks
Whole cereals + flours (vit B +fibre)
TVP and Quorn
Dangers of salt
Excess can cause: high BP/heart disease/stroke/kidney failure
More salt needed in hot climates
High salt foods
Tinned/packet soups
Smoked/tinned food
Processed food
Crisps
Limiting salt intake
Use spices/herbs for flavour
Don’t put salt on the table
Use salt substitutes
Avoid convenience/snack foods
Low cholesterol diets
Cholesterol is a waxy fat that can build up on artery walls
Cholesterol puts more pressure on the heart and can result in high BP, coronary heart disease/stroke
Cholesterol levels rise because there is too much saturated+hydrogenated fat
How to reduce risk of CHD
Reduce intake of saturated + hydrogenated fat
Increase intake of polyunsaturated fats (oily fish)
Eat low fat foods
Don’t smoke/overeat
Exercise regularly
To prevent cholesterol build up, cut down on
Meat
Butter, cream, cheese
Shellfish
Eggs
To reduce cholesterol base diet on
Fruit + veg
White + oily fish
Chicken
Cereals
Coeliac disease
Gluten is a protein found mainly in wheat
Coeliacs have an intolerance to gluten
Gluten will damage the villi in their intestine
Symptoms of Coeliac disease
Weight loss
Stomach pains
Anaemia
Children failing to thrive
Treatment of Coeliac disease
Exclude foods with gluten from the diet
Cereals such as maize or rice may be used
Diabetes cause
Diabetes happens when little to no insulin is produced. It can be caused by a gene being triggered by a risk factor (T1+T2) or due to pancreatic injury (T3c)
Insulin is a hormone that controls the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood
If little/no insulin is produced the glucose in the blood will be urinated out
Type 1 diabetes
Little/no insulin produces
More common in kids
Daily injections needed
Type 2
Insulin can’t be absorbed
More common in older + overweight people but can occur in other groups
Controlled by diet
Symptoms of diabetes
Hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar)
Hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar)
Dietary Treatment
Need regular meals to maintain blood sugar
Low sugar high fibre recommended
Sweeteners instead of sugar
Fats breaks down sugar
