SPARKLING WINE Flashcards
What type of climate is best suited for sparkling wines? Why?
In cool climates, grapes with high levels of acidity work well in sparkling wines. Styles are refreshing and light
What do some regions do to assist with retaining acidity in sparkling wine production?
Pick the grapes early in hotter climates, such as in cava production in Spain.
What are the 6 methods of making sparkling wine?
- T.M
- Tank method
- Asti method
- Injection method
- Ancestral method
- Transfer method
How are sparkling wine grapes traditionally handled? Why this method?
Hand-picked in whole bunches. Whole bunch fermented to reduce contact with grape must and skins (especially for black grapes).
How is grape must taken from grapes in sparkling wine production?
a gentle press is done to prevent extraction of colour and tannin.
How is the traditional method done? What are the 7 steps.
- Make a dry still base wine
- Blending
- Secondary fermentation
- Autolysis
- Riddling
- Disgorgement and corking
- Bottle aging
Describe step 1 in Traditional Method production.
A dry base wine is made to 10-11%ABV, usually done in stainless steel to promote fresh fruit flavours.
Why is a reserve stored and used?
Brand consistency, Used when vintage variation is large, flavour and complexity
Describe step 2 in traditional method production.
Blending. done to blend different grapes, different vintages or different grapes from plots of land to achieve complexity, consistency or balance.
Describe step 3 in traditional method production.
In secondary fermentation, a mixture of wine, sugar, yeasts, nutrients and clarifying agents is added to the wine to continue fermentation to gain another 1.2-1.3%ABV
What is the addition of yeasts, nutrients, sugars, and clarifying agents called in secondary fermentation?
Liqueur de Tirage
What does liqueur de tirage raise the ABV?
1.2-1.3%
How many atmospheres of pressure are gained during Autolysis
5 to 6
What is the traditional a frame rack called for riddling?
Pupitre
What is the riddling machine called?
Gyropalette
What is the addition of wine and sugar during disgorgement and corking called?
Liqueur d’expidition or dosage
What is the transfer method?
An adaptation of the T.M in which once autolysis flavours are achieved, wine is transferred into a tank
What is the ancestral method?
single fermentation by fermenting in the bottle
What is the sugar per litre for Brut Nature?
0-3g/l
What is the sugar per litre for brut?
0-12g/l
what is the sugar per litre for demi-sec?
32-50G/L
What are the minimum aging requirements for champagne on the lees, N.V and vintage
12m for lees, 15m for N.V, 3 years for vintage
What is the first liquid to come off the press called? What is used for champagne?
Cuvee, cuvee is the only liquid used in champagne-making
What is the remaining liquid after the cuvee called in champagne?
Taille
Where is Meunier dominated in Champagne?
Vallee de la marne
Where is P.N dominated in Champagne?
Reims, Bar
Where is P.N dominated in Champagne?
Cote de Bar, Montagne de Reims
Where iis Chard dominated in Champagne?
Cote de blanc, Cote de sezanne
What is prestige cuvee? What is it equivalent to?
Grand Vin in bordeaux, it is the best of the cuvee
Where does the majority of cava come from in Spain? What town?
Catalunya, Sant Sadurni d’Anoia
Where does the majority of cava come from in Spain? What town?
Catalunya, Sant Sadurni d’Anoia
Where does the majority of cava come from in Spain? What town?
Catalunya, Sant Sadurni d’Anoia
Where does the majority of cava come from in Spain? What town?
Catalunya, Sant Sadurni d’Anoia
Where does the majority of cava come from in Spain? What town?
Catalunya, Sant Sadurni d’Anoia
What method is cava made in?
T.M
What are some growing challenges in Champagne?
frost is an issue, ripening and winter freeze
How do vintners overcome growing challenges in Champagne?
Burners and smudge pots
What 3 grapes are permitted in Champagne?
Meunier, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay
What soil is champagne known for? Why is this beneficial?
Chalk soils, beneficial for drainage and very low in nutrients
What is cremant?
Cremant is sparkling wine done in the traditional method outside of champagne
What grapes are permitted in Cremant d’Alsace?
Any grapes in Alsace may be used, except for Gewurtz and Muscat. Chardonnay is only permitted FOR cremant
What grapes are permitted in a sparkling Saumur?
Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc and Cab Franc. Cab Franc makes sparkling rose too
What grapes are permitted in a sparkling Vouvray?
Chenin Blanc only
How long does Saumur, Vouvray, Cremant and Cava spend on the Lees?
9 months
How is Asti made?
Using the Asti method, a tank fermentation in which fermentation is stopped once alcohol reaches 7%. C02 is then trapped in the tank and temp is brought to below 5 to kill yeasts and filter them out.
What is Asti made from?
Muscat a petit blancs
What grape is used for Prosecco?
Glera
What are 2 labelling terms for exceptional vineyard sites for Prosecco?
Cartizze and Rivie
What 202 legislation permitted what % of grapes for rose production for prosecco?
Pinot noir, up to 15%
How is Sekt made?
Grape must is sent over from Italy, France, Spain and Sekt is made in Germany
What is Deutscher Sekt?
sparkling wine made in Germany from german grapes (mainly riesling)
What is deutscher sekt bA?
Grapes are sourced from a single AOC in germany
What is sparkling wine called from S.A? how long does it spend on the lees?
Methode Cap Classique, 1 year on lees
