Spain Flashcards
Major Group
Spaniards
Social Hierarchy
Peninsulares at the top; Creoles; Mestizo
Women
Not a lot of women went to Mexico / Peru -> Spanish men married Indigenous women
Mestizo population
There were a lot of mestizos in New Spain because at the beginning, there were barely any Spanish women, so Spanish men married Indigenous women
Mestizo
People who are of European and Indigenous ancestry; 2nd class citizens in Spanish world; Formed new social identities in hierarchies
Isabel de Guavara
Wrote letter to Spanish Crown describing the strengths in women when men were weak
Spanish Women
Arrived after the warfare
Ines Suarez
Most famous conquistadora; Cut of her enemies’ heads
Religion
Spanish churchmen taught Catholic doctrine; Priest + Holder of encomienda = Only 2 representatives of Spanish authority; Conversion of kings united whole communities into the Church
Economics
Gold -> Silver
Silver Mining
Main economy of Spanish America; Silver mines in Mexico and Peru that attracted indigenous migrants; Dangerous but effective; Adopted indigenous techniques; High in the mountains
Royal fifth
Tax on mining; Primary source of colonial revenue
Viceroyalties
Area of colonial governems in New Spain and Peru
Viceroys
People who were sent to government from Spain to rule inthe king’s name
Settle Location
Cuba along with South America
People that came to South America
Conquistadors came to South America because they wanted personal wealth for social mobility, glory / fame; Some explorers; Priests who tries to spread Christianity; Catholic Church influence in Spain
Peninsulares
People who came to the New World from Spain / born in Spain
Creoles
People bron in New Spain but ancestry was 100% Spanish
Major Economic Systems
Silver mines; Farming
Mining
Gold and silver mines and trade; Silver is valued more than gold; Economic split between mining - Silver; Huge concentration of people settling near the mines
Farming
Hard to grow food in the mountains so settle low; Transportation network from farmers to the miners; Spanish create a far more rich economy than the Incas
Farmers + Miners
Farmers supports miners
Relationship with Indigenous
High degree of interaction between Spaniards; Opportunity for indigenous people to move up, especially through marriage
Embrace christianity
Social mobility
The bigger / greater the degree of indigenous ancestry, the lower a person is in the hierarchy - Opportunity for indigenous people to move up, especially through marriage / embrace christianity
Conquistadors
Conquerors from Spain who came to Americas seeking riches, power, wealth, glory; Spanish Empire depended on the success of them - This was how they were able to establish legitamacy
