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Russia Flashcards

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1
Q

Northern Latitude Zone

A

Colder than most; Most people lived in the west; Gets little sunlight; Likes the cold so they fight during Winter and uses frozen lake to their advantage

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2
Q

Great Russian Plain

A

Rural; Away from cities; Mainly farm

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3
Q

Environment

A

Less populated cities; More rural; More demanding toughness to survive

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4
Q

Population Triangle

A

Most lived in the population triangle

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5
Q

Ural Mountains

A

Division/In both Asia and Europe

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6
Q

West Siberian Plain

A

Swampy

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7
Q

Tundra

A

Arctic desert; Northern and Eastern Russia; Permafrost; Houses are build on stilts

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8
Q

Taiga

A

Woodlands; Vast resources

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9
Q

Trans-Siberian Railroad

A

A railroad that goes all around Russia; Important because it’s the only way to get to eastern Russia

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10
Q

Steppe

A

Vast grassland; Could’ve been the greatest agriculture zone but there weren’t any water

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11
Q

Chernozem

A

Rich, dark soil

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12
Q

Russian Culture

A

Toughness in people/rulers

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13
Q

Where did the name Russia come from?

A

Rurik/Rus

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14
Q

What characteristics is required to rule Russia?

A

Intimidating but also forgiving - Toughness so that they wouldn’t get replaced

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15
Q

Who formed Kievan Rus?

A

Combination between the Slavics and Vikings because the Slavics had powerful forces/size but the Vikings controlled trade

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16
Q

Dnieper River

A

Place north of the Black Sea where the Rus lived; Crossroad of trade between Byzantines, Islamic world, China, and Europe

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17
Q

Rus

A

Rurik named the land after himself: “Land of Rurik”; Viking name - called during 9th and 10th century

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18
Q

Novgorod

A

Capital when Rurik was Tsar during the 9th century

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19
Q

Kiev

A

Largest trading center; Oleg moved Novgorod to Kiev

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20
Q

Kievan Rus

A

9th - 13th centuries; Founded by Rurik

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21
Q

3 Groups of Russians

A

Belarus: White Russians; Russia: Russians; Ukraine: Little Russians

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22
Q

Orthodox Christianity

A

Introduced by Cyril and Methodius from Byzantines -> Olga becomes the first ruler to be baptized -> New way to see religion and political power; Introduction to Cyrillics (New writing language)

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23
Q

Rulers of Kievan Rus

A

Rurik, Oleg, Igor, Olga, Syvatoslav, Vladimir, Yaroslav

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24
Q

Oleg

A

Rurik’s relative who moved the capital from Novgorod to Kiev; Raided Constantinople -> Gained immense wealth and cultural diffusion and trade to Mediterranean civilizations through Byzantines

25
Q

Rurik

A

Viking; Slavics people/people of Novgorod requested Rurik to restore order and rule over them -> becomes prince of Novgorod and founded Kievan Rus/Rurik Dynasty

26
Q

Igor

A

Oleg’s son/grandson expanded the influence of Kievan Rus but was killed on one of the expeditions

27
Q

Olga

A

Brutal/ferocious after the death of Igor, her husband; Kills everyone in the village that killed Igor - Kill all princes, then forgives them, then burns houses; Baptized in the Eastern Orthodox Church -> Becomes 1st ruler of Kievan Rus to be baptized and then becomes a Saint; Showed legitimacy

28
Q

Syvatoslav

A

Olga’s son; Didn’t convert into Christian; Spread influence across Caspian Sea

29
Q

Vladimir I

A

Syvatoslav’s son; Incorporated Orthodox Christianity into the main religion of Kievan Rus -> Christian State; Didn’t choose Islam because of dietary restrictions; Didn’t choose Judaism because no countries practiced it as their official religion; Didn’t choose Catholic Christianity because the Pope was the head of the church but Vladimir wanted to pick the head himself; Wanted caesaropapism - Orthodox Christianity -> close relationship between state and church

30
Q

Yaroslav / Yaroslav the Wise

A

Golden Age of Kievan Rus; Modeled Kiev after Constantinople; Built the St. Sophia Cathedral after the architecture of Hagia Sofia (Byzantines - Justinian); Organized the 1st library; Russkaya Pravda; Spread Orthodox Christianity by extending geological borders to Poland; Created the system of Precedence

31
Q

Russkaya Pravda

A

Russia’s first codified law; Limited the number of avengers to the closest relatives of the dead - If no avengers, then killer must pay fine and compensation to relatives; Gives various forms of punishments

32
Q

System of Precedence

A

Rank principality from least powerful to most; When a Duke dies, each noblemen move up once, avoiding conflicts for power

33
Q

Icons

A

Byzantine icons become the Great Russian painting tradition - more visual because most Russians at the time couldn’t read

34
Q

Religious service

A

People thinks words are magical, resulting in people having conflict with the translations of the texts

35
Q

Metropolitan

A

Head of the Orthodox Church / Leading religious figure in the biggest city - Kind of like a Pope

36
Q

Cyrillic Alphabet

A

Become popular in late 9th century

37
Q

Architecture

A

Saint Basil’s Cathedral - Cultural diffusion with Byzantines -> Smaller domes but lots of them

38
Q

Ivan the Terrible / Ivan Grozny / Ivan IV

A

Built St. Basil’s Cathedral because he wanted to build the greatest thing for Russia; 1st Tsar for Russia

39
Q

Alexander Nevsky

A

Made a decision that shaped the future of Russia; Defeat 1 or the other between Germans and Mongols; Germans want to conquer so Nevsky joins forces with Mongols –> Pay tribute to Mongols -> Some people left and hid into safety from Mongol influence -> Creation of Moscow

40
Q

Tatars

A

Russian name for the Mongols

41
Q

Mongol Invasions

A

Mongols aren’t numerous, doesn’t want to conquer but pay tribute;

42
Q

Mongols Tax

A

The Russian that’s the tax collector for the mongols are the most important person = Princes of Moscow; However, it’s hard to get Russians to pay taxes - Boyars were the only ones who could

43
Q

Boyars

A

Russian nobles who owns land and control vast number of serfs; Didn’t like caesaropapism that Ivan the Terrible had so

44
Q

Serfs

A

People who are forced to work and not allowed to leave

45
Q

Ivan III / Ivan the Great

A

Tells Mongols that they aren’t going to pay taxes

46
Q

Ivan the Terrible on Mongols

A

Autocracy / Dictatorship / Extremely powerful leadership; Found Mongols the way they fought others

47
Q

Conscription

A

Forcing people to fight in the army

48
Q

Serfdom

A

Abundant land + scarce labor; Russian peasants are bound to the land - their village is their entire world - No social mobility

49
Q

Taxes

A

Because Ivan III and Ivan IV created their own Russian state, they didn’t have to pay taxes; This caused the peasants to inflict hate upon them and because of this, Ivan IV decided to blame the Boyars (Russian nobles who collects taxes) instead

50
Q

Ivan the Terrible on Boyars

A

Boyars killed his wife because they couldn’t kill him -> Ivan IV retires -> Boyars fought endlessly to determine the next ruler -> Peasants and boyars plead for Ivan IV to return -> Raise his own army of psychos -> Kills boyars

51
Q

Autocracy

A

Serfdom + Taxation + Conscription; Tyranny - Rulers have absolute power and abusing it

52
Q

Muscovite Court

A

Coming out of Moscow - Royal court; Center of political, social, and cultural life; Ruling princes and later Tsars

53
Q

Tsar

A

Russian Ruler/emperor - Comes from Caesar

54
Q

Russian Mir

A

World, Peace, Village; Serfdom - Their village is their entire world because they can’t leave; If most Russians were serfs, then there were no social mobility in Russia; Merchant class was small; 80% were serfs before WW1

55
Q

Communal Living

A

Most people don’t own land property but the village do - Land group property

56
Q

Veche

A

Village Council; Decide interest of families; Collect tax; Send village idiots to army so smart ones remain safe

57
Q

Veche Priority

A

Avoid risk - keep their village safe; Knows how to handle independent thinkers

58
Q

Raising the Red Rooster

A

In Russia society, people are very conserved and takes less risks; Freeze or chased out; Unless someone has a prosperous year, the rest will all have no social mobility -> Slow cultural diffusion - no growth in cities

59
Q

Russia / Moscow

A

Called 3rd Rome because Russians accepted Orthodox Christianity from the Greek Byzantines

History (33 decks)

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