Renaissance

Question 1

Subject Matter

Answer 1

What the painting represent; Judeo-Christian; Classical; Everyday Life

Question 2

Judeo-Christian

Answer 2

Religious Art; Catholic Church was the greatest sponsor of art in the Middle Ages; Pride of being a part of a religion rather than in power; Madonna; Pieta

Question 3

Madonna

Answer 3

Mary and baby Jesus; Judeo-Christian

Question 4

Pieta

Answer 4

Mary and dead Jesus; Judeo-Christian

Question 5

Classical

Answer 5

Greek / Roman Gods; Julius Caesar, Zeus, etc; Great revival of Greco-Roman mythology, history, philosophy

Question 6

Everyday Life

Answer 6

Self - Portraits of ordinary people; Northern Renaissance: Ordinary humans doing ordinary things; Village life

Question 7

Style

Answer 7

How the art looks; Realism; Idealism; Mannerism

Question 8

Realism

Answer 8

Making things looks real as if they exist in real life

Question 9

Idealism

Answer 9

Making things as perfect as it could be; Making things look far superior than it actually looks in real life; Inner beauty / calmness; God as people

Question 10

Mannerism

Answer 10

Sense of drama; Doesn’t look like anything; Form, color, and shape are a mess; Exaggerated proportions - Unusual; Artists can demonstrate tension and go rogue

Question 11

Technique

Answer 11

What trick artists use to create illusion; Single Point Perspective; Chiaroscuro; Sfumato

Question 12

Single point Perspective

Answer 12

Vanishing point - everything goes into 1 point; Size

Question 13

Chiaroscuro

Answer 13

Shading; Shading to get illusion of depth (light and dark); Suggest location of the sun

Question 14

Sfumato

Answer 14

(Distant) smokiness / haziness; Mastered by Leonardo da Vinci (copied by everyone else); Focus on other parts

Question 15

Petrach

Answer 15

Founder of Humanism; Most famous Poet until S; Humanized thought; Civic activist; Wrote love / romantic poems; Inspiration from Greeks and Romans; Pursuit of Knowledge / Rationalism; Thinker of knowledge; Improving societies, education, government, and quality of life; Promoted education for everyone (study of literature and classics)

Question 16

Erasmus of Rotterdam

Answer 16

Leading Christian humanist; 1st person to criticize the Catholic Church / religious texts; Freeing people from the tyranny of the dominance in the Church; Wrote “In Praise of Folly” - Questioning the logic of the Catholic Church

Question 17

Castiglione

Answer 17

The Courtier; Ideal man of noble birth, serves and brings honor to the prince; Guide / Handbook on Manners on Secularism; How to fit in with the wealthy and well educated; Promotes education and proper behavior; Most famous book of the Renaissance

Question 18

Chaucer

Answer 18

Father of English; Individualism; The Canterbury Tales - Group of Pilgrims; Written in Vernacular

Question 19

Vernacular

Answer 19

The common language of the people

Question 20

Dante

Answer 20

Father of Italy; The Divine Comedy; Starts Vernacular; Afterlife: Hell, Heaven, Purgatory (in-between / Heaven’s waiting room); Individualism - main protag / hero

Question 21

Machiavelli

Answer 21

Creator of political science; The Prince; Successful rulers are successful bc they understand human nature and God has nothing to do with it; Leaders need to do whatever they can to ensure the security and happiness of their people; “The end justifies the means”; Leaders need to be feared but not hated

Question 22

Lorenzo de Medici

Answer 22

Patron of art; Medici Bank cleared debts of many people and in return people owned them many favors; Uses art to legitimize his influence

Question 23

Giotto

Answer 23

Most influential in transitional painting; Humanized paintings; Observed from life
forming 3D world with human beings; Deep emotion; Express patrons of religions

Question 24

Botticelli

Answer 24

Rejects ideas of being scientific and realistic; Classical + Judeo-Christian; Combination of Christian faith and ancient mythology; Figures are less human or material - Some are symbols; Classical subject of goddesses; Dreamy / Fantasy

Question 25

Leonardo da Vinci

Answer 25

Perfect Hands; Groups of figures perfectly balanced in a given space (with architecture); Proportions in drawings; Deep psychological insight of human nature; Mystery of human existence; Last Supper; Mona Lisa;

Question 26

Michelangelo

Answer 26

Greatest Sculptor of the Renaissance; Depict God (1st time); Physical form isn’t what’s important, it’s the spirit of a Christian; Influenced by greek, plato; Glorification of human body (male nude); Sistine Chapel; 1st Pieta; Buff David; Dome

Question 27

Raphael

Answer 27

Master of perfect design and balance composition; Absorbed styles of Leo and Mich.; Humanistic -
Humans are portrayed closer to God; Madonna; Downward eyes; School of Athens

Question 28

Donatello

Answer 28

Free-standing statues based on human anatomy; 1st Bronze nude (boy David)

Question 29

Sophonisba Angoissola

Answer 29

Female artist; Painted mostly in homes; Very well-drawn hands; Lots of details in clothing; Actions in paintings

Question 30

Artemisia Gentileschi

Answer 30

Female artist; Physically powerful

Question 31

Peter Bruegel

Answer 31

Everyday life in ordinary villages

Question 32

Brunelleschi

Answer 32

1st dome(of St.Peters) built since Roman times; 1st time columns used since Ancient Rome

Question 33

Massaccio

Answer 33

Fixed / completed perspective; Studied anatomical naturalism of the human flesh and bone; Model figures in light and shade (Chiaroscuro); 1st person to paint nude figures

Question 34

Titian

Answer 34

1st artist to become rich; Women models; Religion - mythology; Portraits of upper class; Classical - Zeus seducing people;

Question 35

Northern Renaissance

Answer 35

Same ideas as in Italy; Scholars embraced classical literature and values, asked same questions; People turned from being superstitious to scientific; Men gained a new sense of self and ability; Escape from the dissatisfaction and skepticism in religious and political struggles of the Middle Ages; Art: Everyday Life Scenes