Byzantines

Question 1

Strait

Answer 1

A narrow passage separating two pieces of land

Question 2

Hellespont

Answer 2

A strait that connects the Aegean Sea to Sea of Marmara, providing a direct route from Europe to Asia

Question 3

Bosporus Strait

Answer 3

A strait that connects the Black Sea with the Aegean Sea / Mediterranean Sea, forming trades with others (Europe and Asia) - Cultural diffusion; Largest cultural diffusion/most valuable place of real estate in the world - Silk road from China

Question 4

Sea of Marmara

Answer 4

Sea between Hellespont and Bosporus - Connects Europe and Asia, Mediterranean and Black Sea; Trade by land and sea - high cultural diffusion

Question 5

Eastern Roman Empire

Answer 5

Another name for the Byzantines (the west half fell)

Question 6

Constantinople

Answer 6

Constantine moved the capital out of Rome to Byzantine and renamed it Nova Roma / New Rome / 2nd Rome and after he died, it was named after him; Most impressive city at the time - Diverse population; Lasted over 1000 years

Question 7

Justinian

Answer 7

Reign: 527-565; Nephew of Byzantine empire; Controversial from other Byzantine rulers who all preferred the wealthy and noble over the shady and commoners - left his wealthy status then came back; Reorganized Byzantine for success; Supported and expanded Christianity influence

Question 8

Theodora

Answer 8

Justinian’s wife; Came from a poor family; Power behind Justinian; Saved entire empire from crisis (Nika revolt); Helped create laws for women rights

Question 9

Belisarius

Answer 9

General - In charge of the whole Byzantine army; Commoner(Came from a poor/shady background); Reclaimed the lost Western empire and a lot more land; Defends Constantinople from invasions

Question 10

Nika Revolt

Answer 10

Riot during horse-race from people who worked for Justinian because they wanted to replace him - Justinian was going to run away but Theodora stopped and commanded him to go out there and stop the riot

Question 11

Rule of Law

Answer 11

Justinian believed in what’s right is determined by what’s fair; Sent advisors to gather old Roman laws; Define the rights for all people;

Question 12

Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of Civil Laws)

Answer 12

Fairness and equality; Ancient Roman laws and legal principles that the Byzantines preserved - still used today; Justinian organized a government based on fairness - Reason why Democracy was able to live one

Question 13

Code of Hammurabi

Answer 13

Fair is fair - Deliberately hurting someone (high punishment) vs Accidentally hurting someone (low punishment)

Question 14

Justinian’s main job

Answer 14

Picking the right person for the right job/for them to be powerful

Question 15

Metropolis

Answer 15

Mother city

Question 16

Art in Greek

Answer 16

Most important: Literacy

Question 17

Mosaic

Answer 17

From Byzantines: Justinian; Tiles of different shapes and sizes; Displayed in church: Hagia Sophia, etc

Question 18

Hagia Sophia

Answer 18

Church of Holy Wisdom; Biggest church in the world - Built by Justinian - Dome = Most impressive feature; Turned into mosque

Question 19

Surrounding features

Answer 19

Surrounded by 3 waters - Defenders of water - greek fire

Question 20

Constantine

Answer 20

Cultural shift - Eastern Christianity was associated with the Pope in Rome but when he was cut off, it became Greek Orthodox Christianity

Question 21

Icons

Answer 21

Paintings of a holy saint/person; Important in Orthodox Christianity - Catholic had stained glass windows

Question 22

Missionary Work

Answer 22

Converted most of Europe, especially Russia, to Orthodox Christianity

Question 23

Cyril and Methodius

Answer 23

Cyrillic alphabet came from his name; They spreading literacy to illiterate people - translated the bible by creating new alphabet related to Greek alphabet - People spoke the same language but wrote it differently

Question 24

Western Europeans

Answer 24

Religious symbols; Greco - Roman Mythology; Basing their society on the idea of law/citizen centered society from the Byzantines;

Question 25

Soft Power

Answer 25

Didn’t have a strong military but influenced others by religion and belief

Question 26

Patriarch

Answer 26

Similar to Pope; Head of religious practice/church