Kongo

Question 1

Europeans

Answer 1

Kidnapped locals -> Brought them to Portugal -> Taught them Christianity -> Sent them back; Motivated by gold; Greed and insatiable mixed with religious passion, death-dedicated -> Motive of Portuguese exploration

Question 2

Success of kingdom

Answer 2

Conquering their neighbors through war and incorporating them into a trading zone

Question 3

Mbanza Kongo

Answer 3

Capital; Located on a cliff

Question 4

Political hierarchy

Answer 4

King ruled an elaborate network of councilors, governors, clan elders, local chieftains, priests, and electors; 12 councilors - 4 were women; Power depends on political skills; King can’t declare war without councilors’ consent; Can replace their governors at will if he is strong; Struggle to maintain royalty if weak

Question 5

Nimbu Money

Answer 5

Shell as currency

Question 6

European’s encounter with Kongo

Answer 6

Christians brought Catholic Christianity to the Kongos; Christianity - Aggressive + doctrinaire; Priests baptized the king and most of the nobility

Question 7

Advantages from Interaction with Europeans

Answer 7

Adoption of Crops; Fruit from Asia, Americas, and the Mediterranean thrived in the tropical soil of Kongo; Adapted useful European technology

Question 8

Geographical determinism

Answer 8

Fruit from Asia, Americas, and the Mediterranean thrived in the tropical soil of Kongo

Question 9

Religious Tolerance

Answer 9

Accept some aspects of Christianity and Portuguese political organization; Embraced elements of Catholicism -> Gives their own rules a stronger ideological basis

Question 10

Downfall

Answer 10

Sugar plantations in Atlantic islands and Brazil flourished

Question 11

Afonso I

Answer 11

Most important figure; King of the Kongo; Figure of miracles; Soldier saint

Question 12

Legitamacy of Afonso I

Answer 12

Wasn’t supposed to be king due to being first born; Maintained power by:
Used his close ties with Europeans ; Seen as the only legitimate heir by Portuguese priests; Maintained his commitment to Christianity

Question 13

Afonso’s use of Christianity

Answer 13

Missionaries’ views: Afonso appeared as a devout Catholic; Kongo’s view: Afonso is the beneficiary of a powerful new cult; Legitimize his rule; Catholic churches in every province in the land

Question 14

Mbila

Answer 14

Tombs: Churches built in place of the graves of the ancestors

Question 15

Tomistas

Answer 15

Settlers on island of Sao Tome who encouraged violence due to the lack of slaves Afonso was willing to export

Question 16

Slavery

Answer 16

Afonso was forced to engage in slave trade to prevent the fall of his empire