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Islam Flashcards

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1
Q

Islam

A

To submit to Allah; All believers of the faith are equal

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2
Q

Muhammad

A

Prophet of Allah; Born in Mecca but moved to Medina - Hijra because he had monotheistic ideas while most people in Mecca were polytheistic <- considered a threat;

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3
Q

Prophet

A

Muhammad; Someone that can communicate to Allah/God directly

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4
Q

Hijrah

A

Trip / Escape from Mecca to Medina; Considered the 1st year in the Islamic calendar; Moment when people became a community and not divided between clans/families

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5
Q

Allah

A

Only god in Islam

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6
Q

Muslim

A

Person who practices Islam

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7
Q

Mecca

A

Muhammad’s birthplace (Mecca is in the Arabian Penisula); Polytheistic ideas - Muhammad were considered a threat

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8
Q

Medina

A

Place where Muhammad fled to; People were more accepting of Muhammad’s ideas; As his influence got bigger, he took back Mecca

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9
Q

Koran

A

Holy book for Islam; Includes Muhammad’s conversation with Gabriel; Muhammad’s students wrote it because he was illiterate -> Similar to Confucius

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10
Q

5 Pillars of Islam

A

Basic rules/principles for Islam that everyone have to follow

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11
Q

Shahadah

A

1st rule of Islam: Allah is the only God and Muhammad is the Prophet

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12
Q

Salat

A

2nd rule of Islam: Muslims must pray 5 times a day facing Mecca

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13
Q

Zakat

A

3rd rule of Islam: Tax collected by the government to help the poor

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14
Q

Ramadan

A

4th rule of Islam: Fasting because people need to experience/understand what it’s like to be the poor in a society

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15
Q

Hajj

A

Pilgrimage to Mecca; Everyone able to are required to make the trip to Mecca at least once in their lifetime to clear their sins; Major cultural diffusion - Trade/Lots of business -> All information from around the world comes to Mecca

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16
Q

Kaaba

A

Destination of the Hajj; Used as a chamber to store Idols for the polytheistic people but after Muhammad took back Mecca, he destroyed all the idols but kept the black box as it was seen as the center of prayer

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17
Q

Sufis

A

Muslims that had a more emotional relationship with Allah - Worshiped in dance and artistic styles

18
Q

Jihad

A

Struggle/conflict based off on occasions; Most surviving religions need to fight off enemies so that their religion can prosper; Being able to fight back - Muhammad learns this early on

19
Q

Mosque

A

House of worship for Muslims

20
Q

Slavery

A

Had slavery but slaves were treated better because of the Koran

21
Q

Diet Restrictions

A

No pork; No alcohol because they lived in the Arabian Peninsula where the major geological feature was deserts - Alcohol makes people more thirsty

22
Q

Caliph

A

Successor of the Prophet/Muhammad; Competition between Abu Bakr and Ali

23
Q

Shias

A

Ali; Leader should have both political and spiritual power; Need to be a descendant of Muhammad

24
Q

Sunnis

A

Abu Bakr; More separation between political and spiritual power; Don’t need to be descendant of Muhammad

25
Q

Abu Bakr

A

Muhammad’s father in law; Wanted only political power because the Koran already provided all the spiritual guidance; Wanted to become the caliph because it shouldn’t be based on lineage since Muhammad left his family to form a community/Islam; Widely supported in the beginning

26
Q

Ali

A

Muhammad’s son; Wanted both political and spiritual power because that what his dad had; Thought it should be based off on lineage

27
Q

Caesaropapism

A

When 1 person have both spiritual and political power/authority - Head of state is also head of church

28
Q

Spread of Islam (By force)

A

The Muslims took out the Byzantines and Persians by third - partying them; Took out many powerful rivals so there wasn’t much competition

29
Q

Spread of Islam (By practice)

A

Allah was a merciful god; Sufis had a large influence - Promoted education by developing Koran schools, positive and emotional experience; Social mobility

30
Q

Merchants

A

Cultural diffusion; Muslims like merchants - Pro trade; More money which improved relationships with others

31
Q

Social Mobility

A

If you are a Muslim, then you are the same as everyone else; Believes that all individuals are equal - not based off on social status, wealth, or lineage; Zakat -> Help and support upward mobility for less privileged people; No social hiarchy

32
Q

Umayyad Dynasty

A

Damascus, Syria; Only Arabs can join -> Increases of people converting into Islam; Great Mosque of Cordoba; Fled after Abbasid took over; Spread of Arab language

33
Q

Abbasid Dynasty

A

Baghdad; More inclusive of non-muslims -> Greater cultural diffusion -> Golden age of Islam: House of wisdom where scholars who weren’t Arabs could go; Have an effective government than the Umayyad;

34
Q

Arabization

A

Influence of Arab population increase in an area

35
Q

Purdah

A

Segregation between gender - Women does women stuff and men does men stuff; Males and females are considered equal on a spiritual level - varies by culture

36
Q

Polygamy

A

When a man can have multiple wives so that more people can be included/supported in families

37
Q

Sharia courts and laws

A

Religious legal code where civil authorities are not in control but religious authorities are; Tend to change often; Laws of transactions, family laws, succession laws

38
Q

Mullah

A

Scholar for Sharia courts <- Isn’t a judge

39
Q

Hijab

A

Garment to cover the head for women

40
Q

Battle of Badr

A

Battle between Medina and Mecca

41
Q

Hadith

A

Religious text other than the Koran - Sayings attributed to Muhammad that provide guidance for many areas of private and social life, using stories as moral behaviors

History (26 decks)

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