Space Flash Cards 2
Explain ocean tides.
Tides are the periodic rise and falling of large bodies of water (wind and currents make waves) produced by the gravitational attraction of the moon and sun.
How often does the ocean swell to high and low tide?
Two times each.
What space objects have the most significant effect on the ocean?
Sun and moon
What tide occurs when the sun, moon, and Earth are aligned?
There are exceptionally strong gravitational forces causing very high and very low tides called spring tides.
How long is the period of time between two high tides?
About 12 hours and 25 minutes.
Why do both sides of Earth experience high tides at the same time?
The gravitational attraction of the moon causes oceans to bulge out in the direction of the moon. Another bulge occurs on the opposite side, since the Earth is also being pulled toward the moon and away from the water on the far side.
What tide occurs when the sun and moon are not aligned?
The gravitational forces cancel each other out, and the tides are not as dramatically high or low. This are called neap tides.
What is a proxigean spring tide? How often does it occur?
Rare, unusually high tide that occurs when the moon is both unusually close to the earth and in the new moon. If occurs once almost every 1.5 years.
Fill in the blanks:
The ____ and____ of large bodies of _____ caused by the ___________ ____ of the ____ and Sun are tides.
The rise and fall of large bodies of water caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and Sun are tides.
Give two facts for a high tide.
- Outward bulge of water
- Occurs twice per day
Give two facts for a low tide.
- Trough left by the movement of water to the two bulges
- Occurs twice per day
Give two facts for a spring tide.
- Full or new moon
- Gravity of sun and moon combine, causing extremely high and low tides
Give two facts about a neap tide.
- Quarter, first,and third moons
- Gravity of sun and moon cancel out. Smaller difference between high and low tides
What is an eclipse?
When the moon shadows the Earth or the Earth shadows the moon.
Describe a solar eclipse.
-Solar is Latin for Sun
-Occurs when the moon passes directly between Earth and sun, blocking sunlight from Earth
(moon’s shadow on Earth)
What is a total solar eclipse? Partial?
TOTAL- Light from the sun is completely blocked by the moon; within the umbra.
PARTIAL- Part of the sun is visible from Earth within the penumbra
Describe a lunar eclipse.
-Lunar is Latin for moon
-Occurs when Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon
(Earth’s shadow on the moon)
What is a total lunar eclipse?
When the moon is in Earth’s umbra, a total lunar eclipse occurs.
-Can be seen anywhere on Earth that the moon is visible.
What is a partial lunar eclipse?
Occurs when the moon passes partly into the umbra of Earth’s shadow; can appear orange.
What is the umbra?
The very darkest part of the moons shadow on Earth.
What is a penumbra?
Larger part of the moons shadow on Earth.
On day 1, week 1 what is the moon phase? Describe.
New moon 🌑 Not visible
🌍 🌝 ☀️
On day 2-6, week 1 what is the moon phase? Describe.
Waxing crescent 🌒 Less than half of right side is seen
🌝 🌍 ☀️
On day 7, week 1 what is the moon phase? Describe.
First quarter 🌓 Fourth of entire moon seen on the right
🌝
🌍 ☀️
On day 8-13, week 2 what is the moon phase? Describe.
Waxing gibbous 🌔 More than half of right side
🌝
🌍 ☀️
On day 14, week 2 what is the moon phase? Describe.
Full moon 🌕 Complete circle
🌝 🌍 ☀️
On day 15-20, week 3 what is the moon phase? Describe.
Waning gibbous 🌖 Left side seen more than half
🌍 ☀️ 🌝
On day 21, week 4 what is the moon phase? Describe.
Third quarter 🌗 Fourth of moon seen on left
🌍 ☀️
🌝
On day 22-29, week 4 what is the moon phase? Describe.
Waning crescent 🌘 Left side seen less than half
🌍 ☀️
🌝
Fill in the blanks:
The Moon revolves around _____ in an __________ (oval) _____ every __._ days which causes the ______ of the moon.
The Moon revolves around the Earth in and elliptical (oval) orbit very 28.5 days which causes the phases of the moon.
Define gravity. Give the name of the force that causes tides.
Gravity is the force that causes things to fall towards Earth. “Tractive” force causes tides.
Fill in the blanks:
During a solar eclipse, the shadow of the ____ falls on the _____; in a lunar eclipse, the shadow of the _____ falls on the ____.
During a solar eclipse, the shadow of the moon falls on the Earth; in a lunar eclipse, the shadow of the Earth falls on the moon.
The darkest part of a shadow is called the _________; the broader, outer part is called the _________.
The darkest part of a shadow is called the umbra; the broader, outer part is called the penumbra.
Why do partial eclipses of the moon occur more frequently than total solar eclipses?
Partial eclipses occur more frequently because the
moon’s orbit is tilted 5 degrees, therefore infrequently aligned with both the sun and the earth.
In a total solar eclipse, the sun’s _______ is visible because the ____ blocks out the sunlight.
In a total solar eclipse, the sun’s corona is visible because the moon blocks out the sunlight.
Which direction does the moon revolve around Earth?
Counterclockwise
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