Chemical Bonds, Properties of Matter Flashcards
Ionic Bonds
Occurs when two or more atoms differ considerably in their electronegativity, then one of the atoms will lose its electron to the other atom. This results in a positively charged ion (cation, which loses electrons) and a negatively charged ion (anion, which gains electrons).
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Electronegativity
The power of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself.
What is an ionic bond formed between?
A metal and a nonmetal. Nonmetals (-) are “stronger” than the metal (+) and can get electrons very easily from the metals. These two opposite ions attract each other.
Covalent bonds
Consists of pairs of electrons shared by two atoms, and bind the atoms; high energies are required to break them.
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What are covalent bonds formed between?
Two nonmetals that have similar electronegativities. Neither atom is “strong” enough to attract electrons from each other. They share their electron from their valence shell to become stable.
Monatomic
Stable as a single element; metals and noble gases
Monatomic
-name the 7 diatomic molecules
Stable containing two atoms joined by one or more covalent bonds.
-(BrINClHOF): Bromine, Iodine, Nitrogen, Chlorine, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine
Synthesis Reaction
Occurs when two or more simple substances combine to form a more complex substance
Decomposition
Occurs when a substance breaks down into two or more simpler substances
Single Replacement
Atoms of one element replace atoms of another element in a compound
Double Replacement
Occurs when atoms in two different compounds trade places with each other
Chemical reactions
process of one or more substances converting to form new substances
Reactants
substances that enter a chemical reaction
Products
substances that are produced by a chemical reaction
Coefficient
number written in front of elements or compounds indicating the number of atoms or molecules
Chemical equation
expression using chemical symbols to represent a chemical reaction, in which an arrow (⇒) represents “yields”
Law of Conservation of Mass
Mass cannot be lost or gained in a chemical reaction
Atoms cannot be lost or gained in a chemical reaction
Physical properties of matter
A characteristic of a substance that can be conserved without changing the substance into another substance; observed or measured without changing the composition of the matter
Chemical properties of matter
A characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into other substances
Examples of physical properties of matter
Color, hardness, texture, shine, flexibility, conductivity, malleability, ductility, density, odor
Examples of chemical properties of matter
Flammability, tarnishing, rusting, toxicity
Physical changes of matter
any change that alters that form or appearance of a substance but that does not make the substance into another substance
Chemical changes of matter
(Chemical components) Occur when bonds break and new bonds form. As a result, new substances are produced
Exothermic reaction
A reaction that releases energy in the form of heat
Endothermic reaction
A reaction in which energy is absorbed. It does not always result in temperature change.
Atoms are not _____ or _____ during a chemical reaction. Scientists know that there must be the ____ number of atoms on each ____ of the _____. To balance the chemical equation, you must add _____ in front of the chemical formulas in the equation. You cannot _____ or _____ subscripts.
Gained/Created Lost/Destroyed Same Side Equation Coefficient Add Remove
Balance and classify the chemical reaction below:
_P + _O₂ -> _P₄O₁₀
4P + 5O₂ -> P₄O₁₀
Synthesis
Balance and classify the chemical reaction below:
_HgO -> _Hg + O₂
2HgO -> 2Hg + O₂
Decomposition
Balance and classify the chemical reaction below:
_HgO + _Cl₂ -> _HgCl + _O₂
2HgO + Cl₂ -> 2HgCl + O₂
Single Replacement
Balance and classify the chemical reaction below:
_BaCl₂ + _Na₂SO₄ -> _NaCl + _BaSO₄
BaCl₂ + Na₂SO₄ -> 2NaCl + BaSO₄
Double Replacement
Balance and classify the chemical reaction below:
_Mg + _O₂ -> _MgO
2Mg + O₂ -> 2MgO
Synthesis
Balance and classify the chemical reaction below:
_KClO₃ -> _KCl + _O₂
2KClO₃ -> 2KCl + 3O₂
Decomposition
Balance and classify the chemical reaction below:
_Cl₂ + _NaBr -> _NaCl + _Br₂
Cl₂ + 2NaBr -> 2NaCl + Br₂
Single Replacement
Balance and classify the chemical reaction below:
_CuCl₂ + _H₂S -> _CuS + _HCl
CuCl₂ + H₂S -> CuS + 2HCl
Double Replacement
