Chemical Bonds, Properties of Matter

Question 1

Ionic Bonds

Answer 1

Occurs when two or more atoms differ considerably in their electronegativity, then one of the atoms will lose its electron to the other atom. This results in a positively charged ion (cation, which loses electrons) and a negatively charged ion (anion, which gains electrons).
-http://weknowmemes.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/types-of-chemical-bonds.jpg

Question 2

Electronegativity

Answer 2

The power of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself.

Question 3

What is an ionic bond formed between?

Answer 3

A metal and a nonmetal. Nonmetals (-) are “stronger” than the metal (+) and can get electrons very easily from the metals. These two opposite ions attract each other.

Question 4

Covalent bonds

Answer 4

Consists of pairs of electrons shared by two atoms, and bind the atoms; high energies are required to break them.
-http://weknowmemes.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/types-of-chemical-bonds.jpg

Question 5

What are covalent bonds formed between?

Answer 5

Two nonmetals that have similar electronegativities. Neither atom is “strong” enough to attract electrons from each other. They share their electron from their valence shell to become stable.

Question 6

Monatomic

Answer 6

Stable as a single element; metals and noble gases

Question 7

Monatomic

-name the 7 diatomic molecules

Answer 7

Stable containing two atoms joined by one or more covalent bonds.
-(BrINClHOF): Bromine, Iodine, Nitrogen, Chlorine, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine

Question 8

Synthesis Reaction

Answer 8

Occurs when two or more simple substances combine to form a more complex substance

Question 9

Decomposition

Answer 9

Occurs when a substance breaks down into two or more simpler substances

Question 10

Single Replacement

Answer 10

Atoms of one element replace atoms of another element in a compound

Question 11

Double Replacement

Answer 11

Occurs when atoms in two different compounds trade places with each other

Question 12

Chemical reactions

Answer 12

process of one or more substances converting to form new substances

Question 13

Reactants

Answer 13

substances that enter a chemical reaction

Question 14

Products

Answer 14

substances that are produced by a chemical reaction

Question 15

Coefficient

Answer 15

number written in front of elements or compounds indicating the number of atoms or molecules

Question 16

Chemical equation

Answer 16

expression using chemical symbols to represent a chemical reaction, in which an arrow (⇒) represents “yields”

Question 17

Law of Conservation of Mass

Answer 17

Mass cannot be lost or gained in a chemical reaction

Atoms cannot be lost or gained in a chemical reaction

Question 18

Physical properties of matter

Answer 18

A characteristic of a substance that can be conserved without changing the substance into another substance; observed or measured without changing the composition of the matter

Question 19

Chemical properties of matter

Answer 19

A characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into other substances

Question 20

Examples of physical properties of matter

Answer 20

Color, hardness, texture, shine, flexibility, conductivity, malleability, ductility, density, odor

Question 21

Examples of chemical properties of matter

Answer 21

Flammability, tarnishing, rusting, toxicity

Question 22

Physical changes of matter

Answer 22

any change that alters that form or appearance of a substance but that does not make the substance into another substance

Question 23

Chemical changes of matter

Answer 23

(Chemical components) Occur when bonds break and new bonds form. As a result, new substances are produced

Question 24

Exothermic reaction

Answer 24

A reaction that releases energy in the form of heat

Question 25

Endothermic reaction

Answer 25

A reaction in which energy is absorbed. It does not always result in temperature change.

Question 26

Atoms are not _____ or _____ during a chemical reaction. Scientists know that there must be the ____ number of atoms on each ____ of the _____. To balance the chemical equation, you must add _____ in front of the chemical formulas in the equation. You cannot _____ or _____ subscripts.

Answer 26

Gained/Created
Lost/Destroyed
Same
Side
Equation
Coefficient
Add
Remove

Question 27

Balance and classify the chemical reaction below:

_P + _O₂ -> _P₄O₁₀

Answer 27

4P + 5O₂ -> P₄O₁₀

Synthesis

Question 28

Balance and classify the chemical reaction below:

_HgO -> _Hg + O₂

Answer 28

2HgO -> 2Hg + O₂

Decomposition

Question 29

Balance and classify the chemical reaction below:

_HgO + _Cl₂ -> _HgCl + _O₂

Answer 29

2HgO + Cl₂ -> 2HgCl + O₂

Single Replacement

Question 30

Balance and classify the chemical reaction below:

_BaCl₂ + _Na₂SO₄ -> _NaCl + _BaSO₄

Answer 30

BaCl₂ + Na₂SO₄ -> 2NaCl + BaSO₄

Double Replacement

Question 31

Balance and classify the chemical reaction below:

_Mg + _O₂ -> _MgO

Answer 31

2Mg + O₂ -> 2MgO

Synthesis

Question 32

Balance and classify the chemical reaction below:

_KClO₃ -> _KCl + _O₂

Answer 32

2KClO₃ -> 2KCl + 3O₂

Decomposition

Question 33

Balance and classify the chemical reaction below:

_Cl₂ + _NaBr -> _NaCl + _Br₂

Answer 33

Cl₂ + 2NaBr -> 2NaCl + Br₂

Single Replacement

Question 34

Balance and classify the chemical reaction below:

_CuCl₂ + _H₂S -> _CuS + _HCl

Answer 34

CuCl₂ + H₂S -> CuS + 2HCl

Double Replacement