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Science Flash Cards 🔬 > Periodic Table 2 > Flashcards

Periodic Table 2 Flashcards

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1
Q 
Element 11
• symbol
• atomic number
• atomic weight
• proton
• neutron
• electrons
• valence electrons
• family
• group 
• period
*Lewis dot
A 
SODIUM
Symbol- Na
Atomic Number- 11
Atomic Weight/Mass- 23
Protons- 11
Neutrons- 12
Electrons- 11
Valence Electrons- 1 
Family- Alkali Metals (metals)
Group- 1 
Period- 3

LEWIS DOT:
Na ∙

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2
Q 
Element 12
• symbol
• atomic number
• atomic weight
• proton
• neutron
• electrons
• valence electrons
• family
• group 
• period
*Lewis dot
A 
MAGNESIUM
Symbol- Mg
Atomic Number- 12
Atomic Weight/Mass- 24
Protons- 12
Neutrons- 12
Electrons- 12
Valence Electrons- 2
Family- Alkaline Earth Metals (metals)
Group- 2
Period- 3

LEWIS DOT:

          ∙  Mg ∙
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3
Q 
Element 13
• symbol
• atomic number
• atomic weight
• proton
• neutron
• electrons
• valence electrons
• family
• group 
• period
*Lewis dot
A 
ALUMINUM
Symbol- Al
Atomic Number- 13
Atomic Weight/Mass- 27
Protons- 13
Neutrons- 14
Electrons- 13
Valence Electrons- 3
Family- Boron (metals)
Group- 13
Period- 3

LEWIS DOT:
∙
∙ Al ∙

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4
Q 
Element 14
• symbol
• atomic number
• atomic weight
• proton
• neutron
• electrons
• valence electrons
• family
• group 
• period
*Lewis dot
A 
SILICON
Symbol- Si
Atomic Number- 14
Atomic Weight/Mass- 28
Protons- 14
Neutrons- 14
Electrons- 14
Valence Electrons- 4
Family- Carbon (metalloid)
Group- 14
Period- 3

LEWIS DOT:
∙
∙ Si ∙
∙

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5
Q 
Element 15
• symbol
• atomic number
• atomic weight
• proton
• neutron
• electrons
• valence electrons
• family
• group 
• period
*Lewis dot
A 
PHOSPHORUS
Symbol- P
Atomic Number- 15
Atomic Weight/Mass- 31
Protons- 15
Neutrons- 16
Electrons- 15
Valence Electrons- 5
Family- Nitrogen (nonmetal)
Group- 15
Period- 3

LEWIS DOT:
∙
∙ P :
∙

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6
Q

Ions

A

Atoms or groups of atoms with a positive or negative charge (called cation or anion)

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7
Q

Atom

A

The basic units of matter and defining structure of elements. They are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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8
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

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9
Q

Element

A

A type of matter composed of atoms that all have the same amount of protons in their nuclei

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10
Q

Elements with full valence shells are…

A

…“happy” elements

-Noble gases (group 18) excluding Helium

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11
Q 
Element 16
• symbol
• atomic number
• atomic weight
• proton
• neutron
• electrons
• valence electrons
• family
• group 
• period
*Lewis dot
A 
SULFUR
Symbol- S
Atomic Number- 16
Atomic Weight/Mass- 32
Protons- 16
Neutrons- 16
Electrons- 16
Valence Electrons- 6
Family- Oxygen or Chalcogens (nonmetals)
Group- 16
Period- 3

LEWIS DOT:
∙
: S :
∙

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12
Q 
Element 17
• symbol
• atomic number
• atomic weight
• proton
• neutron
• electrons
• valence electrons
• family
• group 
• period
*Lewis dot
A 
CHLORINE
Symbol- Cl
Atomic Number- 17
Atomic Weight/Mass- 35
Protons- 17
Neutrons- 18
Electrons- 17
Valence Electrons- 7
Family- Halogens (nonmetals)
Group- 17
Period- 3

LEWIS DOT:
∙ ∙
: Cl :
∙

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13
Q 
Element 18
• symbol
• atomic number
• atomic weight
• proton
• neutron
• electrons
• valence electrons
• family
• group 
• period
*Lewis dot
A 
ARGON
Symbol- Ar
Atomic Number- 18
Atomic Weight/Mass- 40
Protons- 18
Neutrons- 22
Electrons- 18
Valence Electrons- 8
Family- Noble gases (nonmetals)
Group- 18
Period- 3

LEWIS DOT:
∙ ∙
: Ar :
∙ ∙

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14
Q 
Element 19
• symbol
• atomic number
• atomic weight
• proton
• neutron
• electrons
• valence electrons
• family
• group 
• period
*Lewis dot
A 
POTASSIUM
Symbol- K
Atomic Number- 19
Atomic Weight/Mass- 39
Protons- 19
Neutrons- 20
Electrons- 19
Valence Electrons- 1
Family- Alkali Metals (metal)
Group- 1
Period- 4

LEWIS DOT:
K ∙

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15
Q 
Element 20
• symbol
• atomic number
• atomic weight
• proton
• neutron
• electrons
• valence electrons
• family
• group 
• period
*Lewis dot
A 
CALCIUM
Symbol- Ca
Atomic Number- 20
Atomic Weight/Mass- 40
Protons- 20
Neutrons- 20
Electrons- 20
Valence Electrons- 2
Family- Alkaline Earth Metals (metal)
Group- 2
Period- 4

LEWIS DOT:
∙ Ca ∙

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16
Q

Cation (pronounced 🐱-ion)

A

Has lost electron(s) and has a positive charge

-ex. Mg⁺²

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17
Q

Anion

A

Had gained an electron(s) and has a negative charge

-ex. N⁻³

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18
Q

Atom gaining an electron=

A

Negative charge since there are more electrons (-) than protons (+)

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19
Q

Atom losing an electron=

A

Positive charge since there are less electrons (-) than protons (+)

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20
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms with the same number of protons, but different amount of neutrons
-Identifies by mass number (atomic mass), which is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

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21
Q

Most common isotope of carbon has… and can be written as…

A

…has a mass number of 12 (6 protons + 6 neutrons)…can be written as “carbon-12”

22
Q

Name two other isotopes of carbon. How many neutrons do they have?

A

Carbon-13 and carbon-14

  • They have different mass numbers, but react the same way chemically
  • -Carbon 13 has 7 neutrons
  • -Carbon 14 has 8 neutrons
23
Q

Atoms of the same element can have a different amount of _______

A

neutrons

24
Q

Families of nonmetals on the periodic table

A
  • Other nonmetals
  • Halogens
  • Noble Gases
25
Q

PHYSICAL properties of nonmetals

A

-Poor conductors of heat and electricity
-Solid nonmetals are dull and brittle
Brittle- easily broken or cracked without losing shape

26
Q

CHEMICAL properties of nonmetals

A

-Are reactive- readily form compounds
Compound- two or more atoms that combine chemically or bond
-Atoms react by gaining or sharing electrons
ex. Fluorine- most reactive but hardly ever forms compounds
-Lower density than most metals
~10/16 nonmetals are gases at room temp
~Bromine (Br) liquid at room temp

27
Q

PHYSICAL properties of noble gases

A

-At room temp, noble gases exist in the gaseous state of matter

28
Q

CHEMICAL properties of noble gases

A
  • Usually unreactive because they do not gain, share, or lose electrons
  • Can glow brightly when charged with electricity (excites the atoms)
29
Q

For two atoms to join together, what must the atoms do?

A

Gain, lose, or share electrons (only valence electrons= reactivity)

ex. -Metals LOSE electrons to the other atom it is joining
- Nonmetals GAIN electrons

30
Q

What type of charge does a normal atom have?

A

Neutral

31
Q

Rules for gaining and losing in the groups:

–What is the goal?

A

Group 1 can LOSE 1 valence electron= +1
Group 2 can LOSE 2 valence electrons= +2
Group 13 can LOSE 3 valence electrons= +3
Group 14 can LOSE OR GAIN 4 valence electrons= +/- 4
Group 15 can GAIN 3 valence electrons= -3
Group 16 can GAIN 2 valence electrons= -2
Group 17 can GAIN 1 valence electron= -1

*GOAL: Get 8 valence electrons like the noble gases

32
Q

What happens to elements that gain or lose electrons?

A

They become ions (will have superscript and a charge)

ex. Na⁺¹ or Na¹⁺ or Na⁺

33
Q

PHYSICAL properties of metals

A
  • Shininess
  • Malleability-hammered or rolled into flat sheets (CU/Copper)
  • Ductile- can be drawn or created into a long wire (CU/Copper)
  • Conductive-transfers heat or electricity to another object (AG/Silver)
  • Most are solid at room temperature (20-25 degrees Celsius
  • -HG (Mercury) is liquid at room temperature
34
Q

CHEMICAL properties of metals

A

-Metals react by losing electrons
-Some (Group 1) react so violently they must be stored in oil in sealed containers.
-Others react slowly with oxygen to form iron oxide/rust
(process called corrosion)

35
Q

PHYSICAL properties of metalloids

A

-They are hard and brittle
-Have varying ability to conduct electricity, so are often used in semiconductors
Semiconductors: can conduct electricity under some conditions but cannot under others

36
Q

CHEMICAL properties of metalloids

A
  • Are somewhat reactive
  • Have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals
  • Solid at room temperature
  • -Silicon: S₁O₂ in glass
37
Q

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons? Atomic number? Mass number?:

92 uranium-235

A

Protons/electrons/atomic number: 92
Mass number: 235
Neutrons: 143

38
Q

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons? Atomic number? Mass number?:

5 boron-10

A

Protons/electrons/atomic number: 5
Mass number: 10
Neutrons: 5

39
Q

An ion of oxygen has a charge of -2. How many protons and electrons does this ion have?

A

8 protons and 10 electrons

40
Q

Fluorite is made of fluorine and calcium. What charge will each of these elements need to take in order to form a compound?

A

Fluorine (nonmetals): (-)

Calcium (metals): (+)

41
Q

Families of metals on the periodic table

A

Alkali, Alkaline earth, lanthanoids, actinoids

42
Q

Metals are __________ charged

A

…positively

43
Q

Nonmetals are __________ charged

A

…negatively

44
Q
  1. ₆¹²C
  2. ₆¹³C
  3. ₆¹⁴C
  • The element is ______
  • The number 6 refers to the ________
  • The numbers 12, 13, and 14 refer to the ________
  • Protons and neutrons in the first isotope?
  • -Second?
  • -Third?
A
  • Carbon
  • the number of protons/ atomic number/ number of electrons
  • mass number
  • 6p, 6n
  • 6p, 7n
  • 6p, 8n
45
Q

Conductive

A

-transfers heat and electricity to other objects
ex. Copper (Cu), Silver (Ag)
Families: Metals, metalloids

46
Q

Corrosive

A

-the way in which metals get destructed by oxygen in the air to form rust (iron oxide)
ex. Iron
Families: metals

47
Q

Reactive

A

-how likely it is for an atom to gain, share, or lose electrons
ex. Lithium, Sodium
Families: Metals, metalloids, nonmetals

48
Q

Semi-conductor

A

-can conduct electricity under certain conditions
ex. Silicon, Boron
Families: metalloids

49
Q

Brittle

A

-easily broken or cracked without losing shape
ex. Sulfur, Arsenic
Families: nonmetals, metalloids

50
Q

Luster

A

-ability to reflect light
ex. Silver, Copper
Families: metals

51
Q

Malleability

A

-hammered or rolled into flat sheets
ex. Copper
Families: metals

52
Q

Ductile

A

-can be drawn or created into a long wire
ex. Copper, Gold
Families: metals

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