Periodic Table 2 Flashcards
Element 11 β’ symbol β’ atomic number β’ atomic weight β’ proton β’ neutron β’ electrons β’ valence electrons β’ family β’ group β’ period *Lewis dot
SODIUM Symbol- Na Atomic Number- 11 Atomic Weight/Mass- 23 Protons- 11 Neutrons- 12 Electrons- 11 Valence Electrons- 1 Family- Alkali Metals (metals) Group- 1 Period- 3
LEWIS DOT:
Na β
Element 12 β’ symbol β’ atomic number β’ atomic weight β’ proton β’ neutron β’ electrons β’ valence electrons β’ family β’ group β’ period *Lewis dot
MAGNESIUM Symbol- Mg Atomic Number- 12 Atomic Weight/Mass- 24 Protons- 12 Neutrons- 12 Electrons- 12 Valence Electrons- 2 Family- Alkaline Earth Metals (metals) Group- 2 Period- 3
LEWIS DOT:
β Mg β
Element 13 β’ symbol β’ atomic number β’ atomic weight β’ proton β’ neutron β’ electrons β’ valence electrons β’ family β’ group β’ period *Lewis dot
ALUMINUM Symbol- Al Atomic Number- 13 Atomic Weight/Mass- 27 Protons- 13 Neutrons- 14 Electrons- 13 Valence Electrons- 3 Family- Boron (metals) Group- 13 Period- 3
LEWIS DOT:
β
β Al β
Element 14 β’ symbol β’ atomic number β’ atomic weight β’ proton β’ neutron β’ electrons β’ valence electrons β’ family β’ group β’ period *Lewis dot
SILICON Symbol- Si Atomic Number- 14 Atomic Weight/Mass- 28 Protons- 14 Neutrons- 14 Electrons- 14 Valence Electrons- 4 Family- Carbon (metalloid) Group- 14 Period- 3
LEWIS DOT:
β
β Si β
β
Element 15 β’ symbol β’ atomic number β’ atomic weight β’ proton β’ neutron β’ electrons β’ valence electrons β’ family β’ group β’ period *Lewis dot
PHOSPHORUS Symbol- P Atomic Number- 15 Atomic Weight/Mass- 31 Protons- 15 Neutrons- 16 Electrons- 15 Valence Electrons- 5 Family- Nitrogen (nonmetal) Group- 15 Period- 3
LEWIS DOT:
β
β P :
β
Ions
Atoms or groups of atoms with a positive or negative charge (called cation or anion)
Atom
The basic units of matter and defining structure of elements. They are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Element
A type of matter composed of atoms that all have the same amount of protons in their nuclei
Elements with full valence shells areβ¦
β¦βhappyβ elements
-Noble gases (group 18) excluding Helium
Element 16 β’ symbol β’ atomic number β’ atomic weight β’ proton β’ neutron β’ electrons β’ valence electrons β’ family β’ group β’ period *Lewis dot
SULFUR Symbol- S Atomic Number- 16 Atomic Weight/Mass- 32 Protons- 16 Neutrons- 16 Electrons- 16 Valence Electrons- 6 Family- Oxygen or Chalcogens (nonmetals) Group- 16 Period- 3
LEWIS DOT:
β
: S :
β
Element 17 β’ symbol β’ atomic number β’ atomic weight β’ proton β’ neutron β’ electrons β’ valence electrons β’ family β’ group β’ period *Lewis dot
CHLORINE Symbol- Cl Atomic Number- 17 Atomic Weight/Mass- 35 Protons- 17 Neutrons- 18 Electrons- 17 Valence Electrons- 7 Family- Halogens (nonmetals) Group- 17 Period- 3
LEWIS DOT:
β β
: Cl :
β
Element 18 β’ symbol β’ atomic number β’ atomic weight β’ proton β’ neutron β’ electrons β’ valence electrons β’ family β’ group β’ period *Lewis dot
ARGON Symbol- Ar Atomic Number- 18 Atomic Weight/Mass- 40 Protons- 18 Neutrons- 22 Electrons- 18 Valence Electrons- 8 Family- Noble gases (nonmetals) Group- 18 Period- 3
LEWIS DOT:
β β
: Ar :
β β
Element 19 β’ symbol β’ atomic number β’ atomic weight β’ proton β’ neutron β’ electrons β’ valence electrons β’ family β’ group β’ period *Lewis dot
POTASSIUM Symbol- K Atomic Number- 19 Atomic Weight/Mass- 39 Protons- 19 Neutrons- 20 Electrons- 19 Valence Electrons- 1 Family- Alkali Metals (metal) Group- 1 Period- 4
LEWIS DOT:
K β
Element 20 β’ symbol β’ atomic number β’ atomic weight β’ proton β’ neutron β’ electrons β’ valence electrons β’ family β’ group β’ period *Lewis dot
CALCIUM Symbol- Ca Atomic Number- 20 Atomic Weight/Mass- 40 Protons- 20 Neutrons- 20 Electrons- 20 Valence Electrons- 2 Family- Alkaline Earth Metals (metal) Group- 2 Period- 4
LEWIS DOT:
β Ca β
Cation (pronounced π±-ion)
Has lost electron(s) and has a positive charge
-ex. MgβΊΒ²
Anion
Had gained an electron(s) and has a negative charge
-ex. Nβ»Β³
Atom gaining an electron=
Negative charge since there are more electrons (-) than protons (+)
Atom losing an electron=
Positive charge since there are less electrons (-) than protons (+)
Isotopes
Atoms with the same number of protons, but different amount of neutrons
-Identifies by mass number (atomic mass), which is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Most common isotope of carbon hasβ¦ and can be written asβ¦
β¦has a mass number of 12 (6 protons + 6 neutrons)β¦can be written as βcarbon-12β
Name two other isotopes of carbon. How many neutrons do they have?
Carbon-13 and carbon-14
- They have different mass numbers, but react the same way chemically
- -Carbon 13 has 7 neutrons
- -Carbon 14 has 8 neutrons
Atoms of the same element can have a different amount of _______
neutrons
Families of nonmetals on the periodic table
- Other nonmetals
- Halogens
- Noble Gases
PHYSICAL properties of nonmetals
-Poor conductors of heat and electricity
-Solid nonmetals are dull and brittle
Brittle- easily broken or cracked without losing shape
CHEMICAL properties of nonmetals
-Are reactive- readily form compounds
Compound- two or more atoms that combine chemically or bond
-Atoms react by gaining or sharing electrons
ex. Fluorine- most reactive but hardly ever forms compounds
-Lower density than most metals
~10/16 nonmetals are gases at room temp
~Bromine (Br) liquid at room temp
PHYSICAL properties of noble gases
-At room temp, noble gases exist in the gaseous state of matter
CHEMICAL properties of noble gases
- Usually unreactive because they do not gain, share, or lose electrons
- Can glow brightly when charged with electricity (excites the atoms)
For two atoms to join together, what must the atoms do?
Gain, lose, or share electrons (only valence electrons= reactivity)
ex. -Metals LOSE electrons to the other atom it is joining
- Nonmetals GAIN electrons
What type of charge does a normal atom have?
Neutral
Rules for gaining and losing in the groups:
βWhat is the goal?
Group 1 can LOSE 1 valence electron= +1
Group 2 can LOSE 2 valence electrons= +2
Group 13 can LOSE 3 valence electrons= +3
Group 14 can LOSE OR GAIN 4 valence electrons= +/- 4
Group 15 can GAIN 3 valence electrons= -3
Group 16 can GAIN 2 valence electrons= -2
Group 17 can GAIN 1 valence electron= -1
*GOAL: Get 8 valence electrons like the noble gases
What happens to elements that gain or lose electrons?
They become ions (will have superscript and a charge)
ex. NaβΊΒΉ or NaΒΉβΊ or NaβΊ
PHYSICAL properties of metals
- Shininess
- Malleability-hammered or rolled into flat sheets (CU/Copper)
- Ductile- can be drawn or created into a long wire (CU/Copper)
- Conductive-transfers heat or electricity to another object (AG/Silver)
- Most are solid at room temperature (20-25 degrees Celsius
- -HG (Mercury) is liquid at room temperature
CHEMICAL properties of metals
-Metals react by losing electrons
-Some (Group 1) react so violently they must be stored in oil in sealed containers.
-Others react slowly with oxygen to form iron oxide/rust
(process called corrosion)
PHYSICAL properties of metalloids
-They are hard and brittle
-Have varying ability to conduct electricity, so are often used in semiconductors
Semiconductors: can conduct electricity under some conditions but cannot under others
CHEMICAL properties of metalloids
- Are somewhat reactive
- Have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals
- Solid at room temperature
- -Silicon: SβOβ in glass
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons? Atomic number? Mass number?:
92 uranium-235
Protons/electrons/atomic number: 92
Mass number: 235
Neutrons: 143
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons? Atomic number? Mass number?:
5 boron-10
Protons/electrons/atomic number: 5
Mass number: 10
Neutrons: 5
An ion of oxygen has a charge of -2. How many protons and electrons does this ion have?
8 protons and 10 electrons
Fluorite is made of fluorine and calcium. What charge will each of these elements need to take in order to form a compound?
Fluorine (nonmetals): (-)
Calcium (metals): (+)
Families of metals on the periodic table
Alkali, Alkaline earth, lanthanoids, actinoids
Metals are __________ charged
β¦positively
Nonmetals are __________ charged
β¦negatively
- βΒΉΒ²C
- βΒΉΒ³C
- βΒΉβ΄C
- The element is ______
- The number 6 refers to the ________
- The numbers 12, 13, and 14 refer to the ________
- Protons and neutrons in the first isotope?
- -Second?
- -Third?
- Carbon
- the number of protons/ atomic number/ number of electrons
- mass number
- 6p, 6n
- 6p, 7n
- 6p, 8n
Conductive
-transfers heat and electricity to other objects
ex. Copper (Cu), Silver (Ag)
Families: Metals, metalloids
Corrosive
-the way in which metals get destructed by oxygen in the air to form rust (iron oxide)
ex. Iron
Families: metals
Reactive
-how likely it is for an atom to gain, share, or lose electrons
ex. Lithium, Sodium
Families: Metals, metalloids, nonmetals
Semi-conductor
-can conduct electricity under certain conditions
ex. Silicon, Boron
Families: metalloids
Brittle
-easily broken or cracked without losing shape
ex. Sulfur, Arsenic
Families: nonmetals, metalloids
Luster
-ability to reflect light
ex. Silver, Copper
Families: metals
Malleability
-hammered or rolled into flat sheets
ex. Copper
Families: metals
Ductile
-can be drawn or created into a long wire
ex. Copper, Gold
Families: metals