Periodic Table 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Element 11 • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period *Lewis dot
A
SODIUM Symbol- Na Atomic Number- 11 Atomic Weight/Mass- 23 Protons- 11 Neutrons- 12 Electrons- 11 Valence Electrons- 1 Family- Alkali Metals (metals) Group- 1 Period- 3
LEWIS DOT:
Na ∙
2
Q
Element 12 • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period *Lewis dot
A
MAGNESIUM Symbol- Mg Atomic Number- 12 Atomic Weight/Mass- 24 Protons- 12 Neutrons- 12 Electrons- 12 Valence Electrons- 2 Family- Alkaline Earth Metals (metals) Group- 2 Period- 3
LEWIS DOT:
∙ Mg ∙
3
Q
Element 13 • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period *Lewis dot
A
ALUMINUM Symbol- Al Atomic Number- 13 Atomic Weight/Mass- 27 Protons- 13 Neutrons- 14 Electrons- 13 Valence Electrons- 3 Family- Boron (metals) Group- 13 Period- 3
LEWIS DOT:
∙
∙ Al ∙
4
Q
Element 14 • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period *Lewis dot
A
SILICON Symbol- Si Atomic Number- 14 Atomic Weight/Mass- 28 Protons- 14 Neutrons- 14 Electrons- 14 Valence Electrons- 4 Family- Carbon (metalloid) Group- 14 Period- 3
LEWIS DOT:
∙
∙ Si ∙
∙
5
Q
Element 15 • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period *Lewis dot
A
PHOSPHORUS Symbol- P Atomic Number- 15 Atomic Weight/Mass- 31 Protons- 15 Neutrons- 16 Electrons- 15 Valence Electrons- 5 Family- Nitrogen (nonmetal) Group- 15 Period- 3
LEWIS DOT:
∙
∙ P :
∙
6
Q
Ions
A
Atoms or groups of atoms with a positive or negative charge (called cation or anion)
7
Q
Atom
A
The basic units of matter and defining structure of elements. They are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
8
Q
Matter
A
Anything that has mass and takes up space
9
Q
Element
A
A type of matter composed of atoms that all have the same amount of protons in their nuclei
10
Q
Elements with full valence shells are…
A
…“happy” elements
-Noble gases (group 18) excluding Helium
11
Q
Element 16 • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period *Lewis dot
A
SULFUR Symbol- S Atomic Number- 16 Atomic Weight/Mass- 32 Protons- 16 Neutrons- 16 Electrons- 16 Valence Electrons- 6 Family- Oxygen or Chalcogens (nonmetals) Group- 16 Period- 3
LEWIS DOT:
∙
: S :
∙
12
Q
Element 17 • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period *Lewis dot
A
CHLORINE Symbol- Cl Atomic Number- 17 Atomic Weight/Mass- 35 Protons- 17 Neutrons- 18 Electrons- 17 Valence Electrons- 7 Family- Halogens (nonmetals) Group- 17 Period- 3
LEWIS DOT:
∙ ∙
: Cl :
∙
13
Q
Element 18 • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period *Lewis dot
A
ARGON Symbol- Ar Atomic Number- 18 Atomic Weight/Mass- 40 Protons- 18 Neutrons- 22 Electrons- 18 Valence Electrons- 8 Family- Noble gases (nonmetals) Group- 18 Period- 3
LEWIS DOT:
∙ ∙
: Ar :
∙ ∙
14
Q
Element 19 • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period *Lewis dot
A
POTASSIUM Symbol- K Atomic Number- 19 Atomic Weight/Mass- 39 Protons- 19 Neutrons- 20 Electrons- 19 Valence Electrons- 1 Family- Alkali Metals (metal) Group- 1 Period- 4
LEWIS DOT:
K ∙
15
Q
Element 20 • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period *Lewis dot
A
CALCIUM Symbol- Ca Atomic Number- 20 Atomic Weight/Mass- 40 Protons- 20 Neutrons- 20 Electrons- 20 Valence Electrons- 2 Family- Alkaline Earth Metals (metal) Group- 2 Period- 4
LEWIS DOT:
∙ Ca ∙
16
Q
Cation (pronounced 🐱-ion)
A
Has lost electron(s) and has a positive charge
-ex. Mg⁺²
17
Q
Anion
A
Had gained an electron(s) and has a negative charge
-ex. N⁻³
18
Q
Atom gaining an electron=
A
Negative charge since there are more electrons (-) than protons (+)
19
Q
Atom losing an electron=
A
Positive charge since there are less electrons (-) than protons (+)
20
Q
Isotopes
A
Atoms with the same number of protons, but different amount of neutrons
-Identifies by mass number (atomic mass), which is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
21
Q
Most common isotope of carbon has… and can be written as…
A
…has a mass number of 12 (6 protons + 6 neutrons)…can be written as “carbon-12”
22
Q
Name two other isotopes of carbon. How many neutrons do they have?
A
Carbon-13 and carbon-14
- They have different mass numbers, but react the same way chemically
- -Carbon 13 has 7 neutrons
- -Carbon 14 has 8 neutrons
23
Q
Atoms of the same element can have a different amount of _______
A
neutrons
24
Q
Families of nonmetals on the periodic table
A
- Other nonmetals
- Halogens
- Noble Gases
25
PHYSICAL properties of nonmetals
-Poor conductors of heat and electricity
-Solid nonmetals are dull and brittle
Brittle- easily broken or cracked without losing shape
26
CHEMICAL properties of nonmetals
-Are reactive- readily form compounds
Compound- two or more atoms that combine chemically or bond
-Atoms react by gaining or sharing electrons
ex. Fluorine- most reactive but hardly ever forms compounds
-Lower density than most metals
~10/16 nonmetals are gases at room temp
~Bromine (Br) liquid at room temp
27
PHYSICAL properties of noble gases
-At room temp, noble gases exist in the gaseous state of matter
28
CHEMICAL properties of noble gases
- Usually unreactive because they do not gain, share, or lose electrons
- Can glow brightly when charged with electricity (excites the atoms)
29
For two atoms to join together, what must the atoms do?
Gain, lose, or share electrons (only valence electrons= reactivity)
ex. -Metals LOSE electrons to the other atom it is joining
- Nonmetals GAIN electrons
30
What type of charge does a normal atom have?
Neutral
31
Rules for gaining and losing in the groups:
| --What is the goal?
Group 1 can LOSE 1 valence electron= +1
Group 2 can LOSE 2 valence electrons= +2
Group 13 can LOSE 3 valence electrons= +3
Group 14 can LOSE OR GAIN 4 valence electrons= +/- 4
Group 15 can GAIN 3 valence electrons= -3
Group 16 can GAIN 2 valence electrons= -2
Group 17 can GAIN 1 valence electron= -1
*GOAL: Get 8 valence electrons like the noble gases
32
What happens to elements that gain or lose electrons?
They become ions (will have superscript and a charge)
| ex. Na⁺¹ or Na¹⁺ or Na⁺
33
PHYSICAL properties of metals
- Shininess
- Malleability-hammered or rolled into flat sheets (CU/Copper)
- Ductile- can be drawn or created into a long wire (CU/Copper)
- Conductive-transfers heat or electricity to another object (AG/Silver)
- Most are solid at room temperature (20-25 degrees Celsius
- -HG (Mercury) is liquid at room temperature
34
CHEMICAL properties of metals
-Metals react by losing electrons
-Some (Group 1) react so violently they must be stored in oil in sealed containers.
-Others react slowly with oxygen to form iron oxide/rust
(process called corrosion)
35
PHYSICAL properties of metalloids
-They are hard and brittle
-Have varying ability to conduct electricity, so are often used in semiconductors
Semiconductors: can conduct electricity under some conditions but cannot under others
36
CHEMICAL properties of metalloids
- Are somewhat reactive
- Have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals
- Solid at room temperature
- -Silicon: S₁O₂ in glass
37
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons? Atomic number? Mass number?:
92 uranium-235
Protons/electrons/atomic number: 92
Mass number: 235
Neutrons: 143
38
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons? Atomic number? Mass number?:
5 boron-10
Protons/electrons/atomic number: 5
Mass number: 10
Neutrons: 5
39
An ion of oxygen has a charge of -2. How many protons and electrons does this ion have?
8 protons and 10 electrons
40
Fluorite is made of fluorine and calcium. What charge will each of these elements need to take in order to form a compound?
Fluorine (nonmetals): (-)
| Calcium (metals): (+)
41
Families of metals on the periodic table
Alkali, Alkaline earth, lanthanoids, actinoids
42
Metals are __________ charged
...positively
43
Nonmetals are __________ charged
...negatively
44
1. ₆¹²C
2. ₆¹³C
3. ₆¹⁴C
- The element is ______
- The number 6 refers to the ________
- The numbers 12, 13, and 14 refer to the ________
- Protons and neutrons in the first isotope?
- -Second?
- -Third?
- Carbon
- the number of protons/ atomic number/ number of electrons
- mass number
- 6p, 6n
- 6p, 7n
- 6p, 8n
45
Conductive
-transfers heat and electricity to other objects
ex. Copper (Cu), Silver (Ag)
Families: Metals, metalloids
46
Corrosive
-the way in which metals get destructed by oxygen in the air to form rust (iron oxide)
ex. Iron
Families: metals
47
Reactive
-how likely it is for an atom to gain, share, or lose electrons
ex. Lithium, Sodium
Families: Metals, metalloids, nonmetals
48
Semi-conductor
-can conduct electricity under certain conditions
ex. Silicon, Boron
Families: metalloids
49
Brittle
-easily broken or cracked without losing shape
ex. Sulfur, Arsenic
Families: nonmetals, metalloids
50
Luster
-ability to reflect light
ex. Silver, Copper
Families: metals
51
Malleability
-hammered or rolled into flat sheets
ex. Copper
Families: metals
52
Ductile
-can be drawn or created into a long wire
ex. Copper, Gold
Families: metals
