Chemistry Final Flashcards
List the characteristics of an acid
- Tastes sour
- corrosive
- Turns blue litmus paper red
- produces Hâ‚‚
What is the purpose of the pH scale?
To test the acidity of a substance
List the characteristics of a base
- Tastes bitter
- Feels slippery
- Turns red litmus paper blue
- Corrosive
Is this a chemical reaction?
-You add a clear liquid to a clear liquid and it turns green
Yes, unexpected color change
Is this a chemical reaction?
-You mix a white solid into a clear solution and it dissolves
No, dissolving is a physical change
Is this a chemical reaction?
-You mix a yellow liquid with a clear liquid and it turns yellow and the temperature changes
Yes, temperature change is a chemical change
Is this a chemical reaction?
-You mix a blue liquid with a clear liquid and a blue solid appears at the bottom of the test tube
Yes, a new substance forms
Is this a chemical reaction?
-You mix two substances form and they produce gas
Yes, a new state of matter is formed
List 5 physical properties
- Luster
- Malleability
- Ductility
- Conductivity
- Color
List 5 chemical properties
- Oxidation
- Combustion
- Reactivity
- Taste
- Flammability
How would the following liquids layer?
- Purple- 3.5 g/mL
- Green- .45 g/mL
- Pink- 1.53 g/mL
- Orange- .99 g/mL
- ———Green———-
- ———Orange———-
- ———Pink———-
- ———Purple———-
Element, Compound, Mixture?
-A pure substance made of just one kind of atom
Element
Element, Compound, Mixture?
-Several kinds of particles together that have NOT chemically combined
Mixture
Element, Compound, Mixture?
-Copper is an example
Element
Element, Compound, Mixture?
-Made of two or more kinds of atoms chemically combined
Compound
Element, Compound, Mixture?
-About 112 different kinds
Element
Element, Compound, Mixture?
-COâ‚‚ is an example
Compound
Element, Compound, Mixture?
-Sugar water is an example
Mixture
Element, Compound, Mixture?
-Can’t be broken down
Element
Homogenous or Heterogeneous?
-Sugar and water
Homogenous
Homogenous or Heterogeneous?
-Rasins and cereal
Heterogeneous
Homogenous or Heterogeneous?
-Baked chocolate cake
Homogenous
Homogenous or Heterogeneous?
-Ocean water
Homogenous
Homogenous or Heterogeneous?
-Italian dressing
Homogenous
What are 3 ways to test pH?
- Probe
- Colorimetric
- Litmus paper
Homogenous or Heterogeneous?
-Carbonated soda
Homogenous
Name 3 neutral substances
water, blood, milk
Drain cleaner has a pH of 14. It is very (basic/acidic)
basic
Solid
Definite shape AND volume
Liquid
Indefinite shape, definite volume
Gas
Indefinite shape AND volume
Plasma
Indefinite shape AND volume, electrically charged particles
What are 4 ways to determine if a chemical reaction had occurred?
- Temperature change
- Precipitate forms
- Unexpected color change (ex. clear liquid+clear liquid)
- Gases or bubbles released
Density
the ratio of mass to volume
What two things happen to a substances’ density when the temperature changes?
It gets smaller or larger
Two ways to determine volume
- Lengthwidthheight
2. Water-Displacement
Atomic Theory Timeline:
The Greeks
- An atom cannot be cut into smaller pieces
- Everything is made up of atoms
- Identical
Atomic Theory Timeline:
Dalton
- All elements are composed of atoms
- Atoms of same element are exactly alike
- Atoms cannot be created or destroyed
Atomic Theory Timeline:
Plum Pudding/Muffin model
THOMSON
-Protons, neutrons, electrons randomly scattered , no nucleus
Atomic Theory Timeline:
Gold foil
RUTHERFORD
- An atom’s positive charge must be clustered in the nucleus
- Mass in nucleus
- Named + particles protons
Atomic Theory Timeline:
Planetary
BOHR
-Fixed energy levels for electrons
Atomic Theory Timeline:
Modern atomic model
CHADWICK
- Nucleus that has protons and neutrons
- The nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of electrons
How is the periodic table organized?
- Increasing atomic number
- Families and groups based on characteristics
- Generally, atomic mass is increasing from left to right
Periodic Table
-A chart of the elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties
Element
-A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical or physical means; one of about 100 basic materials that make up all matter
Atom
-The basic particle from which all elements are made
Neutron
-a small particle in the nucleus of the atom with no electrical charge
Proton
-a positively charged particle that is part of an atom’s nucleus
Electron
-a negatively charged particle that is found outside the nucleus of an atom
Dmitri Mendeleev
-created the periodic table
Family/Group
-elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table, also known as a family
Period
-a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
Atomic Number
-number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Atomic Mass
-the average mass of all the isotopes of an element
Matter
-anything that has mass and occupies space
Solid
-a state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume
Liquid
-a state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volume
Gas
-a state of matter with no definite shape or volume
Plasma
-a gas-like state of matter consisting of a mixture of free electrons and atoms that are stripped of their electrons
Sublimation
-change in state from a solid directly to a gas without passing through the liquid state
Evaporation
-the process that occurs when vaporization takes place only on the surface of a liquid
Condensation
-the change from the gaseous to the liquid state of matter
Physical Property
-a characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance
Chemical Property
-a characteristic of a pure substance that describe its ability to change into a different substance
Physical Change
-a change in a substance that does not change its identity
Chemical Change
-a change in which one of more substances combine or break apart to form new substances
Chemical Reaction
-the process in which substances undergo chemical changes that result in the formation of new substances
Mass
-measure of how much matter is an object
Volume
-amount of space that matter occupies
Density
-ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume
Archimedes
-rule that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid the object displaces
Acid
-a substance that tastes sour, reacts with metals, and carbonates, and turns blue litmus red
Base
-a substance that tastes bitter, feels slippery, and turns red litmus paper blue
pH
-power of Hydrogen
Compound
-a pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined
Mixture
-two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically combined
Melting Point
-The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid
Boiling Point
-The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas
Freezing Point
-The change from the liquid to the solid state of matter
Solubility
-measure of how solute can dissolve in a given solvent at a given temperature
Oxidation
-rusting; reacting with oxygen
Homogeneous
-mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout
Heterogeneous
-mixture in which pure substances are unevenly distributed throughout
