Q3 Final

Question 1

Adaptation

Answer 1

• behavior or physical characteristic that allows an organism to survive and/or reproduce

Question 2

Three Examples of Structural Adaptation

Answer 2

• beak shape
• claw shape and size
• camouflage

Question 3

Migration

Answer 3

• the regular, seasonal journey from one place to another + back again

Question 4

How Hibernation Is Different For Each Animal

Answer 4

• how long they hibernate

* where they hibernate

Question 5

Hibernation

Answer 5

• reduced activity
• occurs during winter (when food is scarce)
• breathing and heartbeat slows down
• reduces need for food
• uses stored fat for nutritional needs

Question 6

Three Examples of Behavior Adaptation

Answer 6

• migration
• packs or solitary
• hibernation
• nocturnal or diurnal

Question 7

Why Cells Divide

Answer 7

regrow, reproduce, repair

Question 8

What is purebred? Hybrid?

Answer 8

Purebred: homozygous recessive or dominant
Hybrid: heterozygous

Question 9

What is blood typing?

Answer 9

Classification of blood based on the presence or absence of antibodies and inherited substances on the red blood cell

Question 10

How is blood type determined?

Answer 10

-Antibodies A or B or both or neither and Rh factor present or absent

Question 11

What would happen if you received the wrong blood during a blood transfusion?

Answer 11

Potentially fatal

-body would produce antibodies to rid the wrong blood

Question 12

Universal donor

Answer 12

O(-)

Question 13

Universal recipient

Answer 13

AB(+)

Question 14

Ectotherm

Answer 14

an animal whose body doesn’t produce much internal heat. Its body temperature changes depending on the temperature of its environment.
-“coldblooded”

Question 15

Endotherm

Answer 15

an animal whose body regulates its own temperature by controlling the internal heat it produces. Its body temperature does not change much, even when the temperature of the environment changes.

Question 16

symbiosis

Answer 16

a close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species

Question 17

predation

Answer 17

an interaction in which one organism kills another for food (PREDATOR kills PREY)
→if there are many predators, there may be a decrease in population of their prey, which decreases population of predators when there is not enough food

Question 18

parasitism

Answer 18

involves one organism living on or inside another organism and harming it
-PARASITE benefits; lives in HOST

Question 19

commensalism

Answer 19

a relationship in which one species benefits and the other remains unaffected

Question 20

mutualism

Answer 20

a relationship in which both species benefit

Question 21

genes

Answer 21

a sequence of DNA that encodes for a certain trait (protein)

Question 22

allele

Answer 22

one of two (or more) alternative forms of a gene (a single letter)

Question 23

genotype

Answer 23

genetic makeup of an organism (letter combination)

Question 24

phenotype

Answer 24

physical appearance of an organism (its outward appearance)

Question 25

homozygous

Answer 25

both alleles in a gene pair code for the same trait (ex. AA or aa)

Question 26

heterozygous

Answer 26

the two alleles in a gene pair that do not code for the same trait (ex. Aa)

Question 27

What does the notation BB mean to geneticists?

Answer 27

2 dominant alleles

Question 28

What does the notation Bb mean to geneticists?

Answer 28

One dominant and one recessive allele

Question 29

Probability

Answer 29

A prediction on what percent of offspring would show a certain trait.

Question 30

Who was Gregor Mendel? What did he study in his genetic experiments?

Answer 30

An Austrian monk who discovered the basic principles of heredity through experiments in his garden through cross-pollinated pea plants

Question 31

homeostasis

Answer 31

The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal conditions so as to stabilize health and functioning, regardless of the outside changing conditions

Question 32

What did Darwin conclude about the Galapagos organisms?

Answer 32

That they had changed gradually over many generations (evolution)

Question 33

What are the three factors that affect natural selection?

Answer 33

- Overproduction (species produce more offspring than can survive) - Competition (caused by limited food and other resources) - Variation (differences between animals of the same species)

Question 34

What did Darwin observe about finches in the Galápagos Islands?

Answer 34

The birds have inherited variation in the bill shape with some birds having wide deep bills and others having thinner bills.

Question 35

Natural selection

Answer 35

Individuals whose unique characteristics are best suited for the environment tend to survive and produce offspring

Question 36

Cell Theory

Answer 36

* All living organisms are made up of one or more cells * Cells are the basic units of structure + function in an organism * Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells