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Science Flash Cards 🔬 > Q3 Final > Flashcards

Q3 Final Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Adaptation

A

• behavior or physical characteristic that allows an organism to survive and/or reproduce

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2
Q

Three Examples of Structural Adaptation

A
  • beak shape
  • claw shape and size
  • camouflage
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3
Q

Migration

A

• the regular, seasonal journey from one place to another + back again

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4
Q

How Hibernation Is Different For Each Animal

A
  • how long they hibernate

* where they hibernate

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5
Q

Hibernation

A
  • reduced activity
  • occurs during winter (when food is scarce)
  • breathing and heartbeat slows down
  • reduces need for food
  • uses stored fat for nutritional needs
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6
Q

Three Examples of Behavior Adaptation

A
  • migration
  • packs or solitary
  • hibernation
  • nocturnal or diurnal
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7
Q

Why Cells Divide

A

regrow, reproduce, repair

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8
Q

What is purebred? Hybrid?

A

Purebred: homozygous recessive or dominant
Hybrid: heterozygous

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9
Q

What is blood typing?

A

Classification of blood based on the presence or absence of antibodies and inherited substances on the red blood cell

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10
Q

How is blood type determined?

A

-Antibodies A or B or both or neither and Rh factor present or absent

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11
Q

What would happen if you received the wrong blood during a blood transfusion?

A

Potentially fatal

-body would produce antibodies to rid the wrong blood

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12
Q

Universal donor

A

O(-)

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13
Q

Universal recipient

A

AB(+)

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14
Q

Ectotherm

A

an animal whose body doesn’t produce much internal heat. Its body temperature changes depending on the temperature of its environment.
-“coldblooded”

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15
Q

Endotherm

A

an animal whose body regulates its own temperature by controlling the internal heat it produces. Its body temperature does not change much, even when the temperature of the environment changes.

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16
Q

symbiosis

A

a close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species

17
Q

predation

A

an interaction in which one organism kills another for food (PREDATOR kills PREY)
→if there are many predators, there may be a decrease in population of their prey, which decreases population of predators when there is not enough food

18
Q

parasitism

A

involves one organism living on or inside another organism and harming it
-PARASITE benefits; lives in HOST

19
Q

commensalism

A

a relationship in which one species benefits and the other remains unaffected

20
Q

mutualism

A

a relationship in which both species benefit

21
Q

genes

A

a sequence of DNA that encodes for a certain trait (protein)

22
Q

allele

A

one of two (or more) alternative forms of a gene (a single letter)

23
Q

genotype

A

genetic makeup of an organism (letter combination)

24
Q

phenotype

A

physical appearance of an organism (its outward appearance)

25
Q

homozygous

A

both alleles in a gene pair code for the same trait (ex. AA or aa)

26
Q

heterozygous

A

the two alleles in a gene pair that do not code for the same trait (ex. Aa)

27
Q

What does the notation BB mean to geneticists?

A

2 dominant alleles

28
Q

What does the notation Bb mean to geneticists?

A

One dominant and one recessive allele

29
Q

Probability

A

A prediction on what percent of offspring would show a certain trait.

30
Q

Who was Gregor Mendel? What did he study in his genetic experiments?

A

An Austrian monk who discovered the basic principles of heredity through experiments in his garden through cross-pollinated pea plants

31
Q

homeostasis

A

The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal conditions so as to stabilize health and functioning, regardless of the outside changing conditions

32
Q

What did Darwin conclude about the Galapagos organisms?

A

That they had changed gradually over many generations (evolution)

33
Q

What are the three factors that affect natural selection?

A
  • Overproduction (species produce more offspring than can survive)
  • Competition (caused by limited food and other resources)
  • Variation (differences between animals of the same species)
34
Q

What did Darwin observe about finches in the Galápagos Islands?

A

The birds have inherited variation in the bill shape with some birds having wide deep bills and others having thinner bills.

35
Q

Natural selection

A

Individuals whose unique characteristics are best suited for the environment tend to survive and produce offspring

36
Q

Cell Theory

A
  • All living organisms are made up of one or more cells
  • Cells are the basic units of structure + function in an organism
  • Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells

Science Flash Cards 🔬 (26 decks)

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