Q3 Final Flashcards
Adaptation
• behavior or physical characteristic that allows an organism to survive and/or reproduce
Three Examples of Structural Adaptation
- beak shape
- claw shape and size
- camouflage
Migration
• the regular, seasonal journey from one place to another + back again
How Hibernation Is Different For Each Animal
- how long they hibernate
* where they hibernate
Hibernation
- reduced activity
- occurs during winter (when food is scarce)
- breathing and heartbeat slows down
- reduces need for food
- uses stored fat for nutritional needs
Three Examples of Behavior Adaptation
- migration
- packs or solitary
- hibernation
- nocturnal or diurnal
Why Cells Divide
regrow, reproduce, repair
What is purebred? Hybrid?
Purebred: homozygous recessive or dominant
Hybrid: heterozygous
What is blood typing?
Classification of blood based on the presence or absence of antibodies and inherited substances on the red blood cell
How is blood type determined?
-Antibodies A or B or both or neither and Rh factor present or absent
What would happen if you received the wrong blood during a blood transfusion?
Potentially fatal
-body would produce antibodies to rid the wrong blood
Universal donor
O(-)
Universal recipient
AB(+)
Ectotherm
an animal whose body doesn’t produce much internal heat. Its body temperature changes depending on the temperature of its environment.
-“coldblooded”
Endotherm
an animal whose body regulates its own temperature by controlling the internal heat it produces. Its body temperature does not change much, even when the temperature of the environment changes.
symbiosis
a close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species
predation
an interaction in which one organism kills another for food (PREDATOR kills PREY)
→if there are many predators, there may be a decrease in population of their prey, which decreases population of predators when there is not enough food
parasitism
involves one organism living on or inside another organism and harming it
-PARASITE benefits; lives in HOST
commensalism
a relationship in which one species benefits and the other remains unaffected
mutualism
a relationship in which both species benefit
genes
a sequence of DNA that encodes for a certain trait (protein)
allele
one of two (or more) alternative forms of a gene (a single letter)
genotype
genetic makeup of an organism (letter combination)
phenotype
physical appearance of an organism (its outward appearance)
homozygous
both alleles in a gene pair code for the same trait (ex. AA or aa)
heterozygous
the two alleles in a gene pair that do not code for the same trait (ex. Aa)
What does the notation BB mean to geneticists?
2 dominant alleles
What does the notation Bb mean to geneticists?
One dominant and one recessive allele
Probability
A prediction on what percent of offspring would show a certain trait.
Who was Gregor Mendel? What did he study in his genetic experiments?
An Austrian monk who discovered the basic principles of heredity through experiments in his garden through cross-pollinated pea plants
homeostasis
The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal conditions so as to stabilize health and functioning, regardless of the outside changing conditions
What did Darwin conclude about the Galapagos organisms?
That they had changed gradually over many generations (evolution)
What are the three factors that affect natural selection?
- Overproduction (species produce more offspring than can survive)
- Competition (caused by limited food and other resources)
- Variation (differences between animals of the same species)
What did Darwin observe about finches in the Galápagos Islands?
The birds have inherited variation in the bill shape with some birds having wide deep bills and others having thinner bills.
Natural selection
Individuals whose unique characteristics are best suited for the environment tend to survive and produce offspring
Cell Theory
- All living organisms are made up of one or more cells
- Cells are the basic units of structure + function in an organism
- Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells
