Southern Italy Flashcards
Campania climate
Warm Mediterranean
Campania grape growing and hazards
Altitude for temp moderation
Late ripeners- fall rain/cold
Frost in pockets or low slopes/valley floor
Limestone soil is prevalent in what DOCGs of Campania?
Fiano di Avellino
Greco di Tufo
Taurasi
Volcanic and sandy soils are prevalent in what DOCs in Campania?
Campi Flegrei
Vesuvio (including Lacryma Christi)
Alluvial soils are found where in Campania?
Between Naples and Benevento
Sannio DOC
Beneventano IGP
Top varietals in Campania
Aglianico
Falanghina
Barbera
Malvasia
Sangiovese
Greco
Falanghina
Good disease resistance
Berries dry out towards end of season
Mid to late ripening- fall rain
Apple/white peach/herb/grass
Greco
Challenging to grow
Prone to rot
Low vigor/productivity
Heat tolerant/ drought resistant
Deep lemon color
High alcohol/oily texture
Floral/stone fruit/smoke
Fiano
Vulnerable to mildew but has thick skins to resist botrytis
Late ripening
Floral/peach/hazelnut waxy texture
Lighter/fruitier wines from open sandy soils- weightier ones from clay
Aglianico
Early budding- spring frost
Late ripening- fall rain
Long season to ripen tannins
Vigorous- needs control for quality
Rose/red plum/blackberry high acid high tannin
Taurasi DOCG
Min 85% Aglianico
Cool slopes 200-600m
70 hL
Long maceration- 20+ days
3yr maturation - 1 in wood
Piedirosso
Heat and drought tolerant
Open bunches/thick skins- mildew/rot/botrytis resistant
Campi Flegrei DOC
Vesuvio DOC
Co-ops in Campania produce what % of wine?
La Guardiense makes 15% of total production
Aglianico del Vulture DOC
100% Aglianico
70 hL
1 yr maturation
Clay/limestone/volcanic
Warm Mediterranean climate - adequate rain
Altitude and Balkan breezes hold acid - perfumed wines
Aglianico del Vulture Superiore DOCG
52 hL
Min 3yr maturation- 1 in wood
Riserva- 5yr - 2 in wood
Puglia climate
Hot Mediterranean moderated by sea breezes
Main varietals of Puglia
Sangiovese
Primitivo
Negroamaro
Montepulciano
Trebbiano Toscano
Trebbiano Giallo
Puglia is most known for what type of wine production?
Bulk
Primitivo
Zinfandel
Early budding - frost
Prone to drought- irrigation
Susceptible to poor flowering/fruit set in rainy/humid conditions
Ripens unevenly in bunches
Accumulates sugar easily- high alc wine
Primitivo in Puglia
Picked before fall rain
Bunches are looser - more disease resistance
Older bush vines at low density shade fruit
Inexpensive trellised for mechanization
Primitivo di Manduria DOC
Min 85% Primitivo
Riserva aged 2.5 yr- 9 mos in wood
Min 14%
Gioia del Colle DOC Primitivo
100% Primitivo
52 hL
Riserva aged 2yr
Slighter cooler than manduria
Negroamaro
High yielding
Good disease resistance
Drought resistant
Retains acid
Used to add alc and body to cooler regions
Salice Salentino Rosso DOC
75% Negroamaro- 90% if listed on label
84 hL (high)
Riserva aged 2 yr - 6m in wood
Short maceration
Neutral or oak
Nero di Troia
Late ripening
Prone to downy mildew
Needs long season to develop- fall rain
Unevenly ripens in bunch
Red currant/black pepper
Castel del Monte DOC
Nero di Troia
High max yield
Short stainless maturation
Castel di Monte DOCG
90% Nero di Troia
Lower max yields
2yr maturation- 1 in wood
% of production in Puglia without appellation
60%
Most planted Sicilian varieties
Catarratto
Nero d’Avola
Grillo
Syrah
Inzolia
Nerello Mascalese
Grecanico
PG
Merlot
Sicily climate
Warm Mediterranean
Some particular microclimates (Etna)
Low rainfall- irrigation
Catarratto
High yielding
Disease resistant
Light lemon/herb
High acid
Grillo
Cross of Moscato and Catarratto
High yielding
Disease resistant
Heat resistant
Shade bunches to not lose aromatics
Must oxidizes quickly- protective winemaking
Lemon/floral high acid
Inzolia
Ansonica
Early ripening
Good drought resistance
Drops acid early- pick early
Useful blended- med acid to balance
Moscato
Muscat of Alexandria
Zibibbo
Heat and drought resistant
Moscato on Pantelleria
Low bush vines in holes to conserve water and protect from wind
Dry - stainless
Latex harvest- fermentation stopped for RS
Passito- semi dried grapes (sun dried)
Nero d’Avola
Late ripening
Very vigorous- canopy mgmt
Susceptible to mildew
Uneven flowering- affects yields
Red cherry/black plum high tannin med acid
Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG
Nero d’Avola 50-70%
Frappato 30-50%
Lower max yields- concentrated
Nerello Mascalese
Etna
Early budding- spring frost
Varied yields due to coulure
Late ripening- fall rain
Prone to rot/botrytis
Long season on Etna at 400-1000m
Deleafing to ripen- too early sunburn too late not ripe
Shorter maceration due to tannin content
Etna Rosso DOC
80% Nerello Mascalese
Nerello Campuccio (color/berry fruit)
56 hL
Riserva - 4yr - 1 in wood
Carricante
Prone to fungus
Successful at high altitude
Lemon/green apple high acid, med alc
Etna Bianco DOC
60% Carricante
Catarratto
Wine business in Sicily is dominated by
Small number of large and influential private companies
Planeta, Donnafugata
Sardinia climate
Warm Mediterranean
Low rainfall during season
Irrigation necessary in SE corner
Sardinia top varietals
Cannonau
Vermentino
Carignano
Monica Nera
Nuragus
Sangiovese
Cannonau di Sardinia
77 hL/ 63 hL in Classico
Riserva aged 2y - 6m in wood
Vermentino
Early budding- spring frost
Prone to mildew
Mid ripening
Sunny sites/poor soils
Lemon/acacia/tropical
Vermentino di Sardegna DOC
112 hL
Vermentino di Gallura DOCG
63 hL
Carignano del Sulcis DOC
Heat/drought resistant
Low fertility soil restricts yields
Bush training required for Superiore
Limited irrigation permitted
77 hL/ 52.5 hL Superiore
2y aging Riserva/Superiore
