Southern Italy Flashcards by Cristine McNelis

Campania climate

Warm Mediterranean

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Campania grape growing and hazards

Altitude for temp moderation
Late ripeners- fall rain/cold
Frost in pockets or low slopes/valley floor

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Limestone soil is prevalent in what DOCGs of Campania?

Fiano di Avellino
Greco di Tufo
Taurasi

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Volcanic and sandy soils are prevalent in what DOCs in Campania?

Campi Flegrei
Vesuvio (including Lacryma Christi)

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Alluvial soils are found where in Campania?

Between Naples and Benevento
Sannio DOC
Beneventano IGP

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Top varietals in Campania

Aglianico
Falanghina
Barbera
Malvasia
Sangiovese
Greco

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Falanghina

Good disease resistance
Berries dry out towards end of season
Mid to late ripening- fall rain
Apple/white peach/herb/grass

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Greco

Challenging to grow
Prone to rot
Low vigor/productivity
Heat tolerant/ drought resistant
Deep lemon color
High alcohol/oily texture
Floral/stone fruit/smoke

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Fiano

Vulnerable to mildew but has thick skins to resist botrytis
Late ripening
Floral/peach/hazelnut waxy texture
Lighter/fruitier wines from open sandy soils- weightier ones from clay

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Aglianico

Early budding- spring frost
Late ripening- fall rain
Long season to ripen tannins
Vigorous- needs control for quality
Rose/red plum/blackberry high acid high tannin

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Taurasi DOCG

Min 85% Aglianico
Cool slopes 200-600m
70 hL
Long maceration- 20+ days
3yr maturation - 1 in wood

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Piedirosso

Heat and drought tolerant
Open bunches/thick skins- mildew/rot/botrytis resistant
Campi Flegrei DOC
Vesuvio DOC

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Co-ops in Campania produce what % of wine?

La Guardiense makes 15% of total production

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Aglianico del Vulture DOC

100% Aglianico
70 hL
1 yr maturation
Clay/limestone/volcanic
Warm Mediterranean climate - adequate rain
Altitude and Balkan breezes hold acid - perfumed wines

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Aglianico del Vulture Superiore DOCG

52 hL
Min 3yr maturation- 1 in wood
Riserva- 5yr - 2 in wood

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Puglia climate

Hot Mediterranean moderated by sea breezes

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Main varietals of Puglia

Sangiovese
Primitivo
Negroamaro
Montepulciano
Trebbiano Toscano
Trebbiano Giallo

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Puglia is most known for what type of wine production?

Bulk

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Primitivo

Zinfandel
Early budding - frost
Prone to drought- irrigation
Susceptible to poor flowering/fruit set in rainy/humid conditions
Ripens unevenly in bunches
Accumulates sugar easily- high alc wine

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Primitivo in Puglia

Picked before fall rain
Bunches are looser - more disease resistance
Older bush vines at low density shade fruit
Inexpensive trellised for mechanization

Primitivo di Manduria DOC

Min 85% Primitivo
Riserva aged 2.5 yr- 9 mos in wood
Min 14%

Gioia del Colle DOC Primitivo

100% Primitivo
52 hL
Riserva aged 2yr
Slighter cooler than manduria

Negroamaro

High yielding
Good disease resistance
Drought resistant
Retains acid
Used to add alc and body to cooler regions

Salice Salentino Rosso DOC

75% Negroamaro- 90% if listed on label
84 hL (high)
Riserva aged 2 yr - 6m in wood
Short maceration
Neutral or oak

Nero di Troia

Late ripening Prone to downy mildew Needs long season to develop- fall rain Unevenly ripens in bunch Red currant/black pepper

Castel del Monte DOC

Nero di Troia High max yield Short stainless maturation

Castel di Monte DOCG

90% Nero di Troia Lower max yields 2yr maturation- 1 in wood

% of production in Puglia without appellation

60%

Most planted Sicilian varieties

Catarratto Nero d’Avola Grillo Syrah Inzolia Nerello Mascalese Grecanico PG Merlot

Sicily climate

Warm Mediterranean Some particular microclimates (Etna) Low rainfall- irrigation

Catarratto

High yielding Disease resistant Light lemon/herb High acid

Grillo

Cross of Moscato and Catarratto High yielding Disease resistant Heat resistant Shade bunches to not lose aromatics Must oxidizes quickly- protective winemaking Lemon/floral high acid

Inzolia

Ansonica Early ripening Good drought resistance Drops acid early- pick early Useful blended- med acid to balance

Moscato

Muscat of Alexandria Zibibbo Heat and drought resistant

Moscato on Pantelleria

Low bush vines in holes to conserve water and protect from wind Dry - stainless Latex harvest- fermentation stopped for RS Passito- semi dried grapes (sun dried)

Nero d’Avola

Late ripening Very vigorous- canopy mgmt Susceptible to mildew Uneven flowering- affects yields Red cherry/black plum high tannin med acid

Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG

Nero d’Avola 50-70% Frappato 30-50% Lower max yields- concentrated

Nerello Mascalese

Etna Early budding- spring frost Varied yields due to coulure Late ripening- fall rain Prone to rot/botrytis Long season on Etna at 400-1000m Deleafing to ripen- too early sunburn too late not ripe Shorter maceration due to tannin content

Etna Rosso DOC

80% Nerello Mascalese Nerello Campuccio (color/berry fruit) 56 hL Riserva - 4yr - 1 in wood

Carricante

Prone to fungus Successful at high altitude Lemon/green apple high acid, med alc

Etna Bianco DOC

60% Carricante Catarratto

Wine business in Sicily is dominated by

Small number of large and influential private companies Planeta, Donnafugata

Sardinia climate

Warm Mediterranean Low rainfall during season Irrigation necessary in SE corner

Sardinia top varietals

Cannonau Vermentino Carignano Monica Nera Nuragus Sangiovese

Cannonau di Sardinia

77 hL/ 63 hL in Classico Riserva aged 2y - 6m in wood

Vermentino

Early budding- spring frost Prone to mildew Mid ripening Sunny sites/poor soils Lemon/acacia/tropical

Vermentino di Sardegna DOC

112 hL

Vermentino di Gallura DOCG

63 hL

Carignano del Sulcis DOC

Heat/drought resistant Low fertility soil restricts yields Bush training required for Superiore Limited irrigation permitted 77 hL/ 52.5 hL Superiore 2y aging Riserva/Superiore