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WSET D3 > Argentina > Flashcards

Argentina Flashcards

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1
Q

What natural factors make Argentina suitable for grape growing?

A

Combination of high altitude and low latitude with good supply of irrigation water

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2
Q

Why was Argentina focused on large volumes of inexpensive wines for much of the 20th century?

A

Isolation from political and economic crisis coupled with high domestic wine consumption

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3
Q

Argentine historical high yielders

A

Cereza, Criolla Grande, Criolla Chica
Pedro Gimenez

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4
Q

What helped Argentina break into wine exports

A

Weak peso vs dollar made goods relatively cheap

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5
Q

Latitude for Argentinas vineyards

A

24-38* S

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6
Q

Altitude for northerly vineyards in Argentina?

A

500-3300m

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7
Q

Key effects of altitude on viticulture

A

Cooling effects 1*F lost per 100m gained
Diurnal range extends growing season and retains acid
High proportion of UV light means more tannin and anthocyanins

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8
Q

Argentina climate

A

Continental w/low rainfall from rain shadow of Andes

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9
Q

What is zonda and what is its influence and how is it mitigated

A

Hot, dry, powerful wind in late spring/early summer
Lowers humidity-reducing disease pressure
Can induce water stress
Can affect flowering/fruit set depending on timing
Can damage grapes reducing yields
Poplar trees planted as wind breaks

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10
Q

When does rain fall in Argentina

A

Summer w/constant threat of hail

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11
Q

Why was a vine pull scheme introduced in Argentina in the ‘70s and ‘80s?

A

Falling domestic demand

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12
Q

What is the irrigation system used in 70% if Argentine vineyards and why?

A

Flood
Free draining soils flood irrigated allow water to penetrate deep into soil
And bc it’s relatively cheap to operate

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13
Q

Why is drip irrigation better for sloped land than flat?

A

It costs more to flatten and grade land for flood than to install drip

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14
Q

Traditional timing of irrigation in Argentina?

A

Heavy in winter to replicate winter rains
As needed in low amounts during growing season to encourage root growth and fruit vs shoot/leaf production

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15
Q

Traditional training system in Argentina and why

A

Pergola to raise fruit from ground heat and shade from sun
Still common to offer shade to Tortontes and for high vigor/yield varieties like Criolla Chica/Grande, Cereza, and Pedro Gimenez

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16
Q

Why can vines in Argentina go ungrafted and why are vines becoming more commonly grafted?

A

Sandy soil/dry climate limit phylloxeras life cycle
Nematodes and drought tolerance

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17
Q

Key grape varieties in Argentina

A

Malbec
Pink Criolla - Chica/Grande
Bonarda
Cab
Syrah
Pedro Gimenez
Tortontes
Chardonnay

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18
Q

Malbec characteristics

A

Vigorous
Mid ripening
Cooler sites show lower alc, med+ acid, med + firm tannin, fresh red and black fruit
Warmer sites are fuller bodied lower acid softer tannin

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19
Q

Bonarda Argentina is planted where and produces what style?

A

Late ripening so San Juan and warmer areas in Mendoza
High yielding so inexpensive for domestic consumption

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20
Q

Why is site selection more important for Cab than Malbec in Argentina

A

It is more susceptible to extremes of temperature and fungal disease

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21
Q

Pedro Gimenez is

A

A relatively neutral white grape that is used to produce simple, inexpensive wines for domestic consumption

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22
Q

Tortontes is a natural cross of

A

Muscat of Alexandria and Criolla Chica

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23
Q

Tortontes characteristics

A

Vigorous
High yielding
Early ripening
Strong floral aromas

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24
Q

Torrontes is successful in what areas

A

Cafayate in Salta and high elevation cool vineyards in Uco

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25
Q

Argentina geographical indicators tiers:

A

IP- large geographical areas but not entire country
IG- certain quality wines from specific, quality wine producing area
DOC- legislated winemaking criteria for specific area - Lujan de Cuyo and San Rafael

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26
Q

GIs are created by what?

A

Political divisions
Specific characteristics- climate/soil

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27
Q

What % if GI or DOC mentioned on label

A

100%

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28
Q

What % if vintage on label

A

85%

29
Q

What % if varietal named?

A

85%

30
Q

Argentina Reserva aging requirements

A

12 mos in oak for red
6 mos in oak for white/rose

31
Q

Argentina gran Reserva aging requirements

A

24 mos in oak for red
12 mos in oak for white and rose

32
Q

Cuyo is comprised of what GIs?

A

Mendoza, San Juan, La Rioja

33
Q

70% of vineyards and 2/3 production come from what Province?

A

Mendoza

34
Q

Northern and Eastern Mendoza make what style of wine and why?

A

Large volumes of inexpensive wine
Relatively low altitudes = warm sites with irrigation water coming from Mendoza and Tunuyan rivers

35
Q

Central Mendoza is home to the most prestigious wine producing departments of

A

Lujan de Cuyo and Maipu

36
Q

Lujan de Cuyo aging requirements

A

24 mos with 12 in oak

37
Q

Las Compuertas and Agrelo are

A

District level GIs in Lujan de Cuyo that produce fruity, full bodied reds with high acid and tannins

38
Q

Maipu has warmer vineyards than Lujan de Cuyo due to

A

Lower altitude

39
Q

Which region in Argentina is home to the highest vineyards in Mendoza?

A

Uco Valley

40
Q

Departments in Uco Valley GI

A

Tupungato, Tunuyan, San Carlos

41
Q

Tupungato’s most recognized district with distinctive limestone soils that offer high acid wines from high altitudes.

A

Gualtallary

42
Q

How is Tunuyan able to produce full bodied, structured yet fruity red wines and premium white wines and Pinot Noir?

A

The GI covers a wide range of altitudes- lower and warmer sites for full bodied reds, higher and cooler fur white and PN

43
Q

Which of the three departments of Uco Valley is most recognized for its old vine plantings?

A

San Carlos

44
Q

GI Paraje Altamira is in what department and known for what soil?

A

San Carlos, Uco Valley
An alluvial fan with a high presence of calcium carbonate and stony topsoil

45
Q

Affect of latitude on Southern Mendoza

A

Vineyards are lower 450-800m because climate is cooler due to southerly locations allowing for slower sugar accumulation and good acid retention

46
Q

Major water hazard of southern Mendoza

A

Hail in summer

47
Q

Grapes from southern Mendoza are used for

A

Lesser quality sent for use in blends
Higher quality vinified there - med body, red fruit

48
Q

San Rafael is in what region in Argentina

A

Southern Mendoza but is not used on labels as often as Southern Mendoza

49
Q

San Juan’s lower sites produce what style of wine and why?

A

High yielding pink varieties due to lower altitude = less cooling influence and lower diurnal swing

50
Q

GI Pedernal Valley is in what Province and known for what?

A

San Juan
High altitude, higher acid

51
Q

La Rioja province focuses on what style of wine

A

High volume, inexpensive
La Riojana co-op

52
Q

Which province in Argentina has the closest vineyards to the equator?

A

Salta
24-26* S

53
Q

How is viticulture possible in the low southerly latitudes of Salta

A

High altitude vineyards offer cooling influence
1500-3000

54
Q

High sun exposure from low latitude and high altitude coupled with strong zonda winds have what affect on grapes in Salta?

A

High levels of anthocyanins and tannins and thick skins and lower yields - concentrated wines

55
Q

Cafayate is in what province and known for what grape?

A

Salta
Torrontes

56
Q

Latitude of Patagonia

A

38-39*S

57
Q

Higher southerly latitude in Patagonia means…

A

Lower temperatures
Less intense sunlight
Longer growing season

58
Q

Wind in Patagonia advantages/disadvantages and mitigation

A

Reduces disease pressure by dehumidifying, thickens skins for concentration in wine
Can disrupt flowering or damage vines
Wind breaks, poplar trees

59
Q

Main growing areas of Patagonia

A

Neuquen and Rio Negro

60
Q

Rio Negro varietals

A

Pinot noir, Malbec, Merlot, SB, Riesling

61
Q

Limiting factor of Neuquen viticulture

A

Available water for irrigation

62
Q

El Niño in Argentina limits production volume in what way?

A

More rain = more hail in Argentina, more damage to vines/grapes

63
Q

Main export market of Argentina

A

US - 21% vol
UK, Canada, Brazil

64
Q

MERCOSUR allows for what?

A

Free trade in South American countries

65
Q

Argentinas export boom of the early 2000s was due to

A

Weak peso vs dollar

66
Q

Malbec accounts for what % of exports

A

60%

67
Q

What % of production are exports in Argentina?

A

20%

68
Q

Fecovita and grupo penaflor are

A

Among the worlds highest volume producers and account for a significant proportion of Argentine wine

WSET D3 (33 decks)

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