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WSET D3 > Central Italy > Flashcards

Central Italy Flashcards

1
Q

Climate of Tuscany

A

Warm Mediterranean

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2
Q

What cooling influence is important in Tuscany?

A

Altitude

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3
Q

Climate hazards of Tuscany

A

Spring frost
Hail
Rain during harvest

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4
Q

Top varietals in Tuscany

A

Sangiovese
Merlot
Cab sauv
Trebbiano toscano
Vermentino
Syrah

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5
Q

Sangiovese wines are

A

High acid, high tannin, red cherry/plum/ herbal

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6
Q

Sangiovese is a difficult variety to grow because

A

It buds early - spring frost
Ripens late - fall rain
Does best on sunny, south/SE facing slopes w/good drainage
Vigorous- needs trimming to avoid shade
High volumes- prune/cluster thin/green harvest fir quality

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7
Q

Trebbiano Toscana

A

Ugni Blanc
Late budding
Vigorous and high yielding
Good disease resistance
Retains acid
Neutral lemon herbs
Vin Santo

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8
Q

Canaiolo Nero

A

Red berry fruit/ floral, light tannin

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9
Q

Historic winemaking practices in Chianti

A

Sangiovese blended with white to soften
30+ day maceration
Extended large wood maturation

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10
Q

Chianti DOCG

A

70-100% Sangiovese
Moderate yields
Riserva = 2 yr maturation

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11
Q

Chianti Subzones

A

Ex: Chianti Colli Fiorentini
Lower yields
Some set min eod aging requirements

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12
Q

Chianti Ruffina DOCG

A

Coolest subzone due to altitude and winds from a pass in Apennines
High acid but able to mature in bottle
Frescobaldi- Nipozzano aristocrat estates
Less new investment

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13
Q

Chianti Colli Senesi DOCG

A

Largest/warmest subzone
Full bodied, rich wines
Min 75% Sangiovese

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14
Q

Chianti Classico DOCG

A

Best are at 200-500m for diurnal swing and long grow season
Galestro soil (marl) - aromatics/aging potential
Clay for structure/body
80% Sangiovese no white
One year maturation mandated
Riserva 2yr

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15
Q

Chianti Classico Gran Selezione

A

Single vineyard or estate owned by producer
Aged min 30 mos
Min 90% Sangiovese and no international varieties
Can add one of 11 UGA - defined sub zones

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16
Q

Brunello di Montalcino DOCG

A

Warmer/drier than CC
Protected from rain by Monte Amiata- cooling breezes from Mediterranean
100% Sangiovese
4 yr maturation- 2 in oak
Riserva 5yr - 2 in oak

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17
Q

Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG

A

E/SE facing slopes
250-600m
Aromatic
70-100% Sangiovese
Min 2yr maturation- some in wood
Once austere- now lower maceration for sooner drinking

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18
Q

Morellino de Scansano DOCG

A

Close to coast
Moderated by altitude and sea winds
85% Sangiovese

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19
Q

Bolgheri DOC

A

Specializes in Bordeaux blends
Irrigation allowed
Higher densities than other Tuscany regions
Vino de tavola until 1983
Up to 100% CS, CF, Merl
Up to 50% Syrah, Sangiovese

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20
Q

Bolgheri Rosso Superiore

A

Lower yields
2yr min maturation- 1 in wood

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21
Q

Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC

A

Tenuta San Guido estate
80% CS
2yr maturation- 18 mos in large oak

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22
Q

Maremma Toscana DOC

A

Local and international varieties
Sangiovese, CS, Vermentino
High yields

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23
Q

Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG

A

Dry/windy low disease pressure
200-400m
85% Vernaccia (SB/Ries)
Mid to late ripening- high yielding
Now limited to 63 hL
Half exported/half consumed locally by tourists

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24
Q

Toscano IGT

A

Higher yields
Any registered variety
Mostly cheap plonk
Some prestigious- Masseto (merl from Frescobaldi) or Solaia (CS/San/CF from Antinori)

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25
Vin Santo
Appassimento Trebbiano Toscano and Malvasia Extensive aging with no topping
26
What % of Tuscany sales are DOC(G)?
65%
27
Chianti DOCG in Italy is sold where and in what format?
Super market and deep discounters 750ml and “brick” (500mL to 1L)
28
What route to market is extremely important in Tuscany?
Wine- tourism
29
Marche climate and grape growing
Mediterranean- hot summers/ little rainfall in summer Inland more continental Planted on low hills from coast Limestone/clay
30
Top varietals in Marche
Verdicchio Sangiovese Montepulciano Trebbiano Toscano Pecorino Passerina
31
Verdicchio
First four buds sterile Needs space so low density planting Late ripening Retains acid Susceptible to mildew and botrytis bunch rot Blossom/apple/lemon/fennel/almond Bitter finish, high acid
32
Verdicchio die Castelli di Jesi DOC
Large appellation High yields Classico for heart Classico Superiore for lower yields Riserva DOCG for 18m aging
33
Verdicchio di Matelica DOC
Higher altitude Protected by Apennines from sea influence so continental climate Longer grow season- diurnal swings Fast draining soils Lower yields
34
Pecorino
Sterile buds near trunk Best trained long High disease resistance Low yielding Early ripening High acid/ high alcohol Herbal/apple/pear
35
Offida Pecorino DOCG
Some early release Some aged 12-18m in old wood
36
Passerina
Later ripening Good disease resistance High production High acid but falls fast Ripe lemon, yellow apple Offida Passerina DOCG
37
Montepulciano
Often blended with Sangiovese in Marche Resistance to botrytis and downy but susceptible to powdery Needs long growing season to avoid bitterness Ripens unevenly in bunches - either low quality or cost of selective harvest Reductive in winery
38
Wines made from Montepulciano 2 styles
4-5 day maceration, no oak, red cherry 20+day maceration, oak, red cherry/black plum
39
Rosso Piceno DOC
Montepulciano plus Sangiovese Superiore is specific townships, one year aging, higher alcohol
40
Offida Rosso DOCG
85-100% Montepulciano 24m - 12 in wood
41
Umbria climate
Landlocked Warm mildly continental Hot summers - heat stress
42
Umbria varieties
Sangiovese Trebbiano Toscano Grechetto di Orvieto Merlot Sagrantino CS
43
Grechetto di Orvieto
Thick skinned Resistant to fungus - late harvest High acid lemon/white flowers
44
Sagrantino
Needs full sunshine and heat to ripen Moderately productive Mostly hillside planted for sun exposure Tannic High acid, high tannin, blackberry/plum
45
Orvieto DOC
Min 60% Trebbiano Toscano and/or Grechetto Superiore- lower yields Off dry and sweet Late harvest or noble rot
46
Montefalco Rosso DOC
60-70% Sangiovese/ 10-15% Sagrantino 18 mos aging
47
Montefalco Sagrantino DOCG
100% Sagrantino Low yields 37m aging - 12 in wood
48
Lazio climate and grape growing
Warm Mediterranean Moderated by altitude and cooling winds from sea Hazards - spring frost, hail, excessive heat, rain during harvest
49
Malvasia Bianca di Candia
Good disease resistance High yields Prone to oxidation in winery
50
Malvasia de Lazio
Muscat of Alexandria x local variety Grapey/peach flavors Acid drops quick
51
Cesanese
Black semi aromatic Late ripening High yielding but high quality Vulnerable to fall rain and can fail to ripen
52
Frascati DOC
Malvasia Bianca di Candia and/or Malvasia del Lazio More flavor from Lazio but easier growing from Candia High yields Protective winemaking
53
Frascati Superiore DOCG
Lower yields Aged 1yr
54
Castelli Romani DOC
Large area High yields Malvasia Del Lazio, Malvasia Bianca di Candia or Trebbiano Toscano
55
Lazio mainly is known for what style of winemaking now
High volume, inexpensive, large companies Local Rome tourism
56
Abruzzo two growing environments
Hillside vineyards under Apennines -warm continental w/cooling influence from mtn Coastal vineyards w/flatter ground -Mediterranean- higher temps, more fertile soil
57
Top Abruzzo varieties
Montepulciano Trebbiano Toscano Trebbiano Abruzzese Chardonnay Sangiovese Pecorino
58
Trebbiano Abruzzese
Mid to late ripening Vigorous Productive Suited to pergola
59
Trebbiano d’Abruzzo DOC
Trebbiano Abruzzese or Toscano High yields Protective winemaking
60
Cerasuolo d’Abruzzo DOC
85% Montepulciano Short maceration to avoid excessive extraction- Montepulciano high in anthocyanins
61
Montepulciano d’Abruzzo DOC
Made in two styles based upon growing environment High tannins Hilly sites High yields
62
Montepulciano d’Abruzzo sub zones
Much lower yields 18m aging - 9 in wood
63
Colline Teramane Montepulciano d’Abruzzo DOCG
Same restrictions as subzones Aged 2 years - 1 in wood
64
In Abruzzo what is unique about their bottling rules
DOC wines do not have to be bottled in region of origin contributing to lower quality and to use of Abruzzo wine to enhance other regions/countries
65
What % of Abruzzo wine is made by co-op?
75%

WSET D3 (33 decks)

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