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WSET D3 > Central Italy > Flashcards

Central Italy Flashcards

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1
Q

Climate of Tuscany

A

Warm Mediterranean

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2
Q

What cooling influence is important in Tuscany?

A

Altitude

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3
Q

Climate hazards of Tuscany

A

Spring frost
Hail
Rain during harvest

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4
Q

Top varietals in Tuscany

A

Sangiovese
Merlot
Cab sauv
Trebbiano toscano
Vermentino
Syrah

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5
Q

Sangiovese wines are

A

High acid, high tannin, red cherry/plum/ herbal

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6
Q

Sangiovese is a difficult variety to grow because

A

It buds early - spring frost
Ripens late - fall rain
Does best on sunny, south/SE facing slopes w/good drainage
Vigorous- needs trimming to avoid shade
High volumes- prune/cluster thin/green harvest fir quality

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7
Q

Trebbiano Toscana

A

Ugni Blanc
Late budding
Vigorous and high yielding
Good disease resistance
Retains acid
Neutral lemon herbs
Vin Santo

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8
Q

Canaiolo Nero

A

Red berry fruit/ floral, light tannin

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9
Q

Historic winemaking practices in Chianti

A

Sangiovese blended with white to soften
30+ day maceration
Extended large wood maturation

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10
Q

Chianti DOCG

A

70-100% Sangiovese
Moderate yields
Riserva = 2 yr maturation

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11
Q

Chianti Subzones

A

Ex: Chianti Colli Fiorentini
Lower yields
Some set min eod aging requirements

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12
Q

Chianti Ruffina DOCG

A

Coolest subzone due to altitude and winds from a pass in Apennines
High acid but able to mature in bottle
Frescobaldi- Nipozzano aristocrat estates
Less new investment

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13
Q

Chianti Colli Senesi DOCG

A

Largest/warmest subzone
Full bodied, rich wines
Min 75% Sangiovese

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14
Q

Chianti Classico DOCG

A

Best are at 200-500m for diurnal swing and long grow season
Galestro soil (marl) - aromatics/aging potential
Clay for structure/body
80% Sangiovese no white
One year maturation mandated
Riserva 2yr

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15
Q

Chianti Classico Gran Selezione

A

Single vineyard or estate owned by producer
Aged min 30 mos
Min 90% Sangiovese and no international varieties
Can add one of 11 UGA - defined sub zones

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16
Q

Brunello di Montalcino DOCG

A

Warmer/drier than CC
Protected from rain by Monte Amiata- cooling breezes from Mediterranean
100% Sangiovese
4 yr maturation- 2 in oak
Riserva 5yr - 2 in oak

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17
Q

Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG

A

E/SE facing slopes
250-600m
Aromatic
70-100% Sangiovese
Min 2yr maturation- some in wood
Once austere- now lower maceration for sooner drinking

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18
Q

Morellino de Scansano DOCG

A

Close to coast
Moderated by altitude and sea winds
85% Sangiovese

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19
Q

Bolgheri DOC

A

Specializes in Bordeaux blends
Irrigation allowed
Higher densities than other Tuscany regions
Vino de tavola until 1983
Up to 100% CS, CF, Merl
Up to 50% Syrah, Sangiovese

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20
Q

Bolgheri Rosso Superiore

A

Lower yields
2yr min maturation- 1 in wood

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21
Q

Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC

A

Tenuta San Guido estate
80% CS
2yr maturation- 18 mos in large oak

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22
Q

Maremma Toscana DOC

A

Local and international varieties
Sangiovese, CS, Vermentino
High yields

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23
Q

Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG

A

Dry/windy low disease pressure
200-400m
85% Vernaccia (SB/Ries)
Mid to late ripening- high yielding
Now limited to 63 hL
Half exported/half consumed locally by tourists

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24
Q

Toscano IGT

A

Higher yields
Any registered variety
Mostly cheap plonk
Some prestigious- Masseto (merl from Frescobaldi) or Solaia (CS/San/CF from Antinori)

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25
Q

Vin Santo

A

Appassimento
Trebbiano Toscano and Malvasia
Extensive aging with no topping

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26
Q

What % of Tuscany sales are DOC(G)?

A

65%

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27
Q

Chianti DOCG in Italy is sold where and in what format?

A

Super market and deep discounters
750ml and “brick” (500mL to 1L)

28
Q

What route to market is extremely important in Tuscany?

A

Wine- tourism

29
Q

Marche climate and grape growing

A

Mediterranean- hot summers/ little rainfall in summer
Inland more continental
Planted on low hills from coast
Limestone/clay

30
Q

Top varietals in Marche

A

Verdicchio
Sangiovese
Montepulciano
Trebbiano Toscano
Pecorino
Passerina

31
Q

Verdicchio

A

First four buds sterile
Needs space so low density planting
Late ripening
Retains acid
Susceptible to mildew and botrytis bunch rot
Blossom/apple/lemon/fennel/almond
Bitter finish, high acid

32
Q

Verdicchio die Castelli di Jesi DOC

A

Large appellation
High yields
Classico for heart
Classico Superiore for lower yields
Riserva DOCG for 18m aging

33
Q

Verdicchio di Matelica DOC

A

Higher altitude
Protected by Apennines from sea influence so continental climate
Longer grow season- diurnal swings
Fast draining soils
Lower yields

34
Q

Pecorino

A

Sterile buds near trunk
Best trained long
High disease resistance
Low yielding
Early ripening
High acid/ high alcohol
Herbal/apple/pear

35
Q

Offida Pecorino DOCG

A

Some early release
Some aged 12-18m in old wood

36
Q

Passerina

A

Later ripening
Good disease resistance
High production
High acid but falls fast
Ripe lemon, yellow apple
Offida Passerina DOCG

37
Q

Montepulciano

A

Often blended with Sangiovese in Marche
Resistance to botrytis and downy but susceptible to powdery
Needs long growing season to avoid bitterness
Ripens unevenly in bunches - either low quality or cost of selective harvest
Reductive in winery

38
Q

Wines made from Montepulciano 2 styles

A

4-5 day maceration, no oak, red cherry

20+day maceration, oak, red cherry/black plum

39
Q

Rosso Piceno DOC

A

Montepulciano plus Sangiovese
Superiore is specific townships, one year aging, higher alcohol

40
Q

Offida Rosso DOCG

A

85-100% Montepulciano
24m - 12 in wood

41
Q

Umbria climate

A

Landlocked
Warm mildly continental
Hot summers - heat stress

42
Q

Umbria varieties

A

Sangiovese
Trebbiano Toscano
Grechetto di Orvieto
Merlot
Sagrantino
CS

43
Q

Grechetto di Orvieto

A

Thick skinned
Resistant to fungus - late harvest
High acid lemon/white flowers

44
Q

Sagrantino

A

Needs full sunshine and heat to ripen
Moderately productive
Mostly hillside planted for sun exposure
Tannic
High acid, high tannin, blackberry/plum

45
Q

Orvieto DOC

A

Min 60% Trebbiano Toscano and/or Grechetto
Superiore- lower yields
Off dry and sweet
Late harvest or noble rot

46
Q

Montefalco Rosso DOC

A

60-70% Sangiovese/ 10-15% Sagrantino
18 mos aging

47
Q

Montefalco Sagrantino DOCG

A

100% Sagrantino
Low yields
37m aging - 12 in wood

48
Q

Lazio climate and grape growing

A

Warm Mediterranean
Moderated by altitude and cooling winds from sea
Hazards - spring frost, hail, excessive heat, rain during harvest

49
Q

Malvasia Bianca di Candia

A

Good disease resistance
High yields
Prone to oxidation in winery

50
Q

Malvasia de Lazio

A

Muscat of Alexandria x local variety
Grapey/peach flavors
Acid drops quick

51
Q

Cesanese

A

Black semi aromatic
Late ripening
High yielding but high quality
Vulnerable to fall rain and can fail to ripen

52
Q

Frascati DOC

A

Malvasia Bianca di Candia and/or Malvasia del Lazio
More flavor from Lazio but easier growing from Candia
High yields
Protective winemaking

53
Q

Frascati Superiore DOCG

A

Lower yields
Aged 1yr

54
Q

Castelli Romani DOC

A

Large area
High yields
Malvasia Del Lazio, Malvasia Bianca di Candia or Trebbiano Toscano

55
Q

Lazio mainly is known for what style of winemaking now

A

High volume, inexpensive, large companies
Local Rome tourism

56
Q

Abruzzo two growing environments

A

Hillside vineyards under Apennines
-warm continental w/cooling influence from mtn
Coastal vineyards w/flatter ground
-Mediterranean- higher temps, more fertile soil

57
Q

Top Abruzzo varieties

A

Montepulciano
Trebbiano Toscano
Trebbiano Abruzzese
Chardonnay
Sangiovese
Pecorino

58
Q

Trebbiano Abruzzese

A

Mid to late ripening
Vigorous
Productive
Suited to pergola

59
Q

Trebbiano d’Abruzzo DOC

A

Trebbiano Abruzzese or Toscano
High yields
Protective winemaking

60
Q

Cerasuolo d’Abruzzo DOC

A

85% Montepulciano
Short maceration to avoid excessive extraction- Montepulciano high in anthocyanins

61
Q

Montepulciano d’Abruzzo DOC

A

Made in two styles based upon growing environment
High tannins
Hilly sites
High yields

62
Q

Montepulciano d’Abruzzo sub zones

A

Much lower yields
18m aging - 9 in wood

63
Q

Colline Teramane Montepulciano d’Abruzzo DOCG

A

Same restrictions as subzones
Aged 2 years - 1 in wood

64
Q

In Abruzzo what is unique about their bottling rules

A

DOC wines do not have to be bottled in region of origin contributing to lower quality and to use of Abruzzo wine to enhance other regions/countries

65
Q

What % of Abruzzo wine is made by co-op?

A

75%

WSET D3 (33 decks)

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