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WSET D3 > Loire > Flashcards

Loire Flashcards

1
Q

Which Loire region is closest to the Atlantic Ocean?

A

Pays Nantais

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2
Q

Principal variety of Pays Nantais

A

Melon de Bourgogne

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3
Q

Climate of Pays Nantais

A

Cool maritime With cool springs and warm/ humid summers - threat of rain at any time but especially during flowering in spring and harvest in fall

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4
Q

Wet weather in Pays Nantais is offset by what

A

Well drained soils

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5
Q

Despite proximity to Atlantic, what is a major hazard in Pays Nantais and how are growers mitigating?

A

Spring frost - wind machines, heaters, burning straw bales

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6
Q

Melon in Pays Nantais features and hazards

A

Feature:
Hardy
Ripens early - reducing harvest rain threat
Can produce high yields
Hazard:
Early budding
Tight bunches susceptible to rot - spray $

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7
Q

Vineyard mgmt in Pays Nantais

A

Open canopy
Sprays
Leaf removal but careful to not to expose to sunburn

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8
Q

Muscadet fermentation

A

Large, shallow, underground glass lined concrete or stainless steel
Keep wine neutral to age on lees

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9
Q

Sur lie aging does what to wine?

A

Fills out body
Adds texture
Retains freshness
Retains small amount of CO2

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10
Q

AOCs in Pays Nantais

A

Muscadet Sevre et Maine
Muscadet
Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire
Muscadet Cotes de Grandlieu

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11
Q

Sur lie on a label means what and does what?

A

9 mos to a year on lees
Later bottling adds cost
Negociants can only by grapes, must, or bottled wine and not wine to be aged sur lie

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12
Q

Cru communaux in Muscadet are defined by what and noted how?

A

Specific bedrock soil
Name appendage- Clisson, Gorges, Le Pallet
Lower max yields
Longer lees aging

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13
Q

What % of sales are Negoviants in Pays Nantais

A

Over half

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14
Q

Top varieties in Anjou Saumur

A

Cab franc
Chenin
Grolleau noir
Cab sauv
Chard

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15
Q

Top varieties in Touraine

A

Cab Franc
Chenin Blanc
Sauvignon Blanc
Gamay
Cot
Chard

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16
Q

Anjou Saumur climate

A

Maritime influenced continental

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17
Q

Touraine climate

A

Continental with some Atlantic influence

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18
Q

What river contributes to misty conditions in Anjou, perfect for Botrytis?

A

Layon

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19
Q

What rootstock is needed in Anjou Saumur and Touraine and why?

A

High lime content in soil = chlorosis
Fercal or Riparia Gloire de Montpellier

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20
Q

Chenin Blanc hazards and features

A

Feature:
Botrytis for sweet
Hazards:
Buds early - spring frost
Mildew/ botrytis bunch rot
Late ripening - fall rain
Ripens unevenly - needs passes $ limits machine harvest

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21
Q

Cab franc hazards and features

A

Feature:
Winter hardy
Mid ripening - harvest before rains
Hazard:
Early budding- spring frost
Coulure- reduced yields
Needs full ripening to not taste green - canopy mgmt/ site selection

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22
Q

Grolleau Noir

A

Mid ripening
Early budding
Rose d’Anjou and Rose de Loire

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23
Q

Cab sauv performs better in Anjou Saumur or Touraine?

A

Anjou Saumur in its warmest sites
Rose and cab franc blends

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24
Q

Anjou Blanc AOC

A

Min 80% chenin

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25
Q

Anjou Rouge AOC

A

Min 70% CF and CS

26
Q

Higher quality reds from Anjou AOC made in designated areas can be labeled as _______ and are what varietals?

A

Anjou Villages AOC
CF and/or CS

27
Q

Coteaux du Layon specializes in what?

A

Sweet chenin either botrytized or vine dried

28
Q

Two high quality appellations within Coteaux du Layon

A

Bonnezeaux
Quarts de Chaume - first grand cru

29
Q

Savennieres specializes in what?

A

Dry chenin

30
Q

What topography gives Savennieres its concentration and ripeness?

A

South facing slopes
Low fertility, rocky schist soils
Low yields

31
Q

Rose appellations in Anjou Saumur and their varieties and style

A

Rose de Loire - CF, CS, Gamay, Grolleau Noir - dry

Rose d’Anjou - Grolleau (predominantly), CF, CS, Cot, Gamay - med dry

Cabernet d’Anjou - CF and CS - deep color - med dry

32
Q

Saumur Blanc AOC

A

Chenin

33
Q

Saumur Rouge AOC

A

CF predominantly

34
Q

Coteaux de Saumur AOC

A

Sweet Chenin - over ripe or botrytized

35
Q

Saumur Champigny AOC

A

Min 85% CF
Some light intensity
Popular in bistros

36
Q

Touraine Blanc AOC

A

Sauvignon Blanc

37
Q

Touraine Rouge AOC

A

CF and Cot

38
Q

Vouvray AOC

A

95% Chenin
Slopes over Loire - River moderates
Flint soils - good drainage
Dry, Demi sec, doux (rare)

39
Q

Montlouis sur Loire

A

Across river from Vouvray
Similar style

40
Q

Bourgueil AOC

A

Red some rose
Min 90% CF some CS

41
Q

Saint Nicolas de Bourgueil

A

CF in lighter style than Bourgueil

42
Q

Chinon AOC

A

Most regarded for red
Whites from Chenin
Reds min 90% CF some CS
Range in style from light and fruity to structured
Structured examples come from clay/limestone - lighter on sand/gravel

43
Q

Which produces more wine Anjou Saumur or Touraine

A

Anjou Saumur

44
Q

Which produces more rose Anjou or Touraine

A

Anjou

45
Q

Which produces more still wine Anjou or Touraine?

A

Touraine

46
Q

The Central vineyards are located where?

A

Loire Valley, furthest east

47
Q

Climate of central vineyards

A

Continental clinate

48
Q

Principal grapes of Central vineyards

A

Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Noir

49
Q

Weather hazards in Central Vineyards

A

Spring frost
Summer hail
High rainfall for continental climate - fungus

50
Q

Sauvignon Blanc in Central Vineyards hazards and features

A

Features:
Late budding- misses frost
Early ripening- misses fall rain
Vigorous- poor soils
Hazards:
Vigorous- canopy mgmt
Prone to powdery mildew and botrytis bunch rot

80% of CVs plantings

51
Q

Fermentation temps for SB in Central vineyards relative to new world

A

Warmer for more restrained fruit expression
Upper part of cool lowest part of mid

52
Q

Sancerre AOC

A

Mostly SB some PN red and rose

53
Q

Frost moderations in Sancerre

A

Hillside slopes
Proximity to river

54
Q

Soils of Sancerre and their styles

A

Caillottes- shallow soils over limestone- aromatic less able to age

Terres blanches- Kimmeridgian- slow ripening- some of the most famous vineyards- needs maturation

Silex- flinty, accumulate heat, early ripening- stony/smoky aromas

55
Q

Pouilly Fume

A

SB only
Flatter land than Sancerre - more frost risk
Same soils
Rounder and less aromatic than Sancerre

56
Q

Reuilly red/white/rose

A

Red PN
White SB
Rose PG/PN

57
Q

Quincy

A

White only
SB min 90%
Sauv gris

58
Q

Menetou Salon

A

Similar to Sancerre
South facing slopes- frost risk

59
Q

Negociants sell what % of wine in Loire?

A

50% - top 10 negociants sell 82%

60
Q

Loire route to market

A

Hospitality
Supermarkets
Exports 20% - Sancerre dominates

WSET D3 (33 decks)

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