Rhone Valley Flashcards
Northern Rhone climate
Continental
Cold winters/warm summers
Rainfall in fall and winter
45*N
Southern Rhone climate
Mediterranean
Mild winters, very warm, dry summers
Drought increasing
Syrah in N Rhone features and hazards
Feature:
Hazard:
Vigorous- needs training to protect from mistral
Susceptible to bunch rot
Grenache in S Rhone hazard and features
Feature:
Needs warm climate to ripen
Upright growth - suitable for bush training
Does well do dry, poor soils
Drought resistant
Accumulates sugar quickly for VdN
Hazard:
Late ripening- fall rain
Prone to coulure
Mourvedre in S Rhone features and hazards
Feature:
Late budding/ late ripening only thrives in warm to hot environments
Hazard:
Needs hot end of season to ripen
Not drought resistant
Low yields
Prone to reduction in winery
Cinsault in S Rhone hazards and features
Feature:
Late budding
High yielding
Good drought resistance
Hazard:
Restricted yields to produce quality
Prone to chlorosis in high lime soil
Viognier in Rhone hazards and features
Feature:
Hazard:
Early budding- prone to spring frost
Low and unpredictable yields due to poor flowering and coulure (fruit set)
Must be perfectly ripe for flavor but not too ripe to lose acid
Marsanne in Rhone hazards and features
Feature:
Late budding - avoid frost
Hazard:
control yields for quality- poor soils of N Rhone
Roussanne in Rhone hazard and features
Features:
Late budding- frost
Good on poor/ well drained soil
Hazards:
Poor wind resistance
Prone to coulure
Grows less successfully than Marsanne
Grenache Blanc in Rhone hazards and features
Feature:
Good wind resistance
High yields
Needs warmth
Does well on poor/dry soils
Good drought resistance
Hazard:
Early budding- spring frost
Ripens late - fall rain
Clairette in Rhone hazards and features
Feature:
Grows well on poor/dry soils - S Rhone
Grows upright - wind resistant
Hazard:
Vigorous- needs short pruning + excessive bud removal
Ripens late - fall rain
Oxidizes easily in winery
Bourboulenc in Rhone hazards and features
Feature:
Loose bunches/thick skin- fungus protection For late ripening
Likes warm/dry locations
Hazard:
High quality red wine production in Rhone
-hand harvest- small crate transport for unbroken fruit
-de stemmed chilled cold soaked for color or partial or whole bunches for aromatics
-ferment warmer temps for extraction
-maceration 20-30 days
-maturation 12-24 mos large oak for Grenache and small barrel for Syrah/Mourvedre
Inexpensive red wine production in Rhone
-machine harvest - some damaged fruit during this means fast fermentation needed to avoid contamination
-hand pick for carbonic maceration a choice for easy drinking wines
-flash detente or thermovinification used for fruity/low tannin
-ferment at mid temps to retain fruit and lower tannins
-short maceration
-stainless short maceration
What wind runs through the Rhone and what affect does it have on viticulture
Mistral - cold
Decreases vine vigor - lowering yields/concentrating wines
Reduces fungus
Furthest north appellation in Northern Rhone
Côte Rotie
Côte Rotie
-Syrah w/ up to 20% Viognier
-steep, terraced slopes
-E/SE facing for sun exposure and N wind protection
-free draining, poor, stony soils
-hand worked
-erosion
-terrace repair
Côte Rotie wine making
If Syrah and Viognier are used co- ferment
Aromatics emphasized- destem/cold soak
Warmer fermentation for full extraction
Softer and more aromatic than Hermitage and Cornas
Coondrieu
-Viognier only
-low yields for max intensity
-often S facing vineyards for sun exposure
-steep, poor, stony soils (erosion/wind)
Chte Grillet
Condrieu winemaking
-stainless or large wood fermentation
-MLC choice (usually done)
-Lees aging 10-12 mos w/stirring
Saint Joseph
Long/large appellation due to extension in 90s to some not great hillsides
-90% red some white
-Syrah, Marsanne, Roussanne
Hermitage
Historic
1/3 white
-S facing for sun exposure and N wind protection
-hot dry vineyards
-stony, thin soils
-super concentrated, long lived wines
- erosion/terracing/hand worked
-low yield max rarely achieved