Somatosensory Receptor Physiology Flashcards
detection of the elements and energies in our internal and external environment
Sensation
Sensation requires and is triggered by
o Requires: conversion of environmental signals → signals that can be recognized by our CNS
o Triggered by: arrival of action potentials in the primary sensory cortex
the interpretation of the significance, meaning or quality of the sensation
Perception
Perception depends on and involves:
o Depends on: genetics, learning, memory, context, and physiological state
o Involves: integration of information from many brain regions
Sensory signals are processed at the ________ and ________ level
conscious and subconscious
Classification of Sensory Systems:
- The Somatosensory System
- The Visceral Sensory System
- The Special Sensory System
-
The Somatosensory System
- Conveys impulses from:
- Skin
- Skeletal muscles
- Joints
-
The Somatosensory System
- Sensations produced include:
- Pressure
- Vibration
- Tickle
- Tension
- Stretch
- Itch
- Temperature
- Pain
-
The Visceral Sensory System
- Conveys impulses from
- Internal organs
-
The Visceral Sensory System
- Sensations produced include:
- Stretch
- Pressure
- Pain
-
The Visceral Sensory System
- Processes subconscious detection of:
- Osmolarity
- pH
- O2
- CO2
-
Special Sensory Systems
- Conveys impulses from
- Special sense organs (eyes, ears, nose…)
-
Special Sensory Systems
- Sensations produces include:
- Light
- Sound
- Flavor
- Scent
- Balance
detected by sensory receptors that are scattered throughout the body
general senses
detected by receptors localized to special sensory organs (located in the head)
special senses
- Sensory Receptors are Transducers that
- Specialized to detect environmental energy
- Convert stimulus energy into changes in transmembrane electrical potential of the sensory receptor cell.
- Trigger action potentials
- Receptor Classification by Origin of Stimulus
- Exteroceptors
- Interoceptors (visceroceptors)
- Proprioceptors
- Exteroceptors:
- Respond to:
- Receptors located in:
- Produce sensations of:
- Respond to stimuli arising from outside of the body
- Receptors located in skin and special sensory organs
-
Produce sensations of:
- Light
- Sound
- Smell
- Taste
- Touch
- Temperature
-
Interoceptors
- Respond to:
- Sensitive to:
- Respond to stimuli arising in internal viscera and blood vessels
-
Sensitive to:
- Chemicals
- pH
- tissue stretch
- temperature
-
Proprioceptors
- Respond to stimuli arising from:
- Sensitive to:
- Produces sensations of:
-
Respond to stimuli arising from:
- skeletal muscles
- tendons
- joints
- ligaments
- connective tissues
-
Sensitive to:
- Contraction
- Stretch
- Movement
-
Produces
- sensations of body movements and spatial position
Receptor Classification by Type of Stimulus Detected
- Mechanoreceptors
- Thermoreceptors
- Photoreceptors
- Chemoreceptors
- Nociceptors
-
Mechanoreceptors
- Respond to _______ forces
mechanical
- Touch
- Pressure
- Vibration
- Stretch
- Tension
- Respond to temperature changes
Thermoreceptors
Respond to wavelength of light
Photoreceptors
Chemoreceptors respond to:
- Chemicals
- Osmolality
- pH
- CO2
- O2
- Organic molecules
- Airborne
- Odorant molecules
- Respond to damage or potentially damaging stimuli of several modalities
- Nociceptors (polymodal)
-
Primary Sensory Neurons
-
Cell Body Location
- General senses:
- Special senses:
-
Cell Body Location
- General senses: dorsal root ganglia or cranial nerve ganglia
- Special senses: special sensory organs
-
Primary Sensory Neurons
-
Neuronal Structure
- General senses:
- Special senses:
-
Neuronal Structure
- Usually pseudo unipolar for general senses
- Usually bipolar for special senses
Sensory Receptor Structures: Simple
- Nerve endings:
- Location
-
Nerve endings:
- Naked
- Encapsulated naked
-
Location
- In skin
- Muscle joints
